Ch. 3
When train a dog to sit, the owner gives the dog a treat and then asks it to sit. What kind of stimulus presentation is this?
Backwards
Your stomach starting to growl around the time you normally eat lunch is an example of what?
Temporal Conditioning
What type of conditioning do we use for predation control? Give an example.
Aversive conditioning by putting a bad tasting chemical on meat left outside for wolves to eat.
A study about a new depression medication has two groups: one that receives the medication and one that receives a placebo. What design is this?
Experimental
Who conducted the Little Albert Experiment?
John Watson
When conditioning a green light and food, the researcher turns the light on and off before the food is given. What kind of stimulus presentation is this?
Trace
When picking flowers Yuna gets stung by a bee. She develops a fear of bees but not wasps. This is an example of what?
Stimulus discrimination
How does environment effect intense cravings?
A study on different age groups and their social ability is done.
Quasi-Experimental research design
You being able to drive from home to work without the use of a GPS is an example of what and from what school?
Cognitive map and Tolman's Cognitive Behaviorism
What is a fixed action pattern?
Highly stereotyped, innate, adaptive behavior of an organism that cannot be stopped once started by a sign stimulus/releasor.
Jay has a fear of bees, but that has been slowly going away as he now works at a bee farm. However, one day while working a deer runs out of the woods, startling him. The next day his fear working around bees increases. This is an example of what?
Disinhibition
Explain the process of systematic desensitization.
1. Anxiety hiearchy (List of least anxiety inducing to most anxiety inducing scenarios)
2. Relax training (Tensing body and then releasing, often paired with cue controlled relaxation with a key word to encourage relaxation)
3. Counterconditioning (Pairing anxiety inducing scenarios with relaxation to break aversive reaction association and avoidance)
4. Assessment
A researcher watches out college students interact in the dining hall and records all interactions. What kind of research design?
Descriptive
When trying to study your roommates are being loud while hanging out with friends. You decide to go to the library instead. This is called what and falls under what school?
Counter Conditioning and Skinner's radical behaviorism.
Describe the reflex arc.
Three neurons involved: Receptor/Sensory Neuron (Afferent), Interneuron, Motor Neuron (Efferent)
The Sensory Neuron receives the information from the environment and sends it to the Interneuron that decides what action to take, then the signal of the action is sent to the motor neuron and does the action.
Researchers condition a rat that running on the wheel means getting food. They then try to condition that rat that running on the wheel means water, but it doesn't work. Why?
Blocking
Name the main four points of the Rescorla-Wagner Theory.
1. Maximum associative strength developed between CS and UCS
2. Associative strength increases with each trial but amount of strength gain is affected by level of prior trials
3. Rate of conditioning depends on saliency of CS and UCS used
4. Level of conditioning is influenced by prior conditioning to the stimulus and previous conditioning of other stimuli
A researcher looks at the relationship between anxiety and new life changes. What kind of research design?
Correlational
A dog is instructed to complete a maze while both full and hungry. When hungry the dog is more likely to complete the maze. Being hungry or full is what and what school is this under?
Intervening variable and Hull's Neobehaviorism
Describe opponent-processing theory. (Components, purpose, how it works, and what is experienced)
Your body wants to stay at an equilibrium so fires up an opponent process to level out that specific experience.
A-Process - triggered by stimulus, starting and ending when stimulus appears and disappears.
B-Process- triggered by A-Process and is opposite to it. Slow to decrease after A-Process stops.
Effect: You experience the combination of A and B-process to level out the experience.
Write the cascade of this situation: while picking flowers Yuna gets stung by a bee. She then develops a fear of bees. Another day she sees a lot of bees flying around the rose bush in her backyard. She now is scared to be around the rose bush.
Before Conditioning : Bee (NS1) ->
Sting (UCS) -> Fear (UCR)
1st Conditioning: Bee (NS1) : Sting (UCS) -> Fear (UCS)
After Conditioning: Bee (CS1+) -> Fear (CR)
2nd Conditioning: Bee (CS1+) : Bush (NS2) -> Fear (CR)
After Conditioning:
Bee (CS1+) -> Fear (CR)
Bush (CS2+) -> Fear (CR)
Researchers paired a red light with a shock four times. The shock had a total amount of associative strength of 80, he salience of the red light was .40. Calculate the total associative strength after four trails and if the association is strong or weak.
Trial 1:.4 (80 - 0) = 32
Trial 2: .4 (80 - 32) = 19.2
Trial 3: .4 (80 - 51.2) = 11.52
Trial 4: .4 (80 - 62.72) = 6.912
Total: 69.632
Weak or strong: Strong, 0.8704 > 0.70.
Describe an experimental design.
When going into a job interview you're nervous you may say the wrong thing, the interview room is freezing, and you stutter in the meeting. The idea that these all influence each other is what and under what school?
Reciprocal Determinism and Bandura's Social Learning