Minerals
Rocks and Earth
Plate Tectonics
Natural Disasters
Misc.
100
What are the softest and hardest minerals on Moh's Scale?
Talc--> Diamond
100
List the 3 types of rocks we discussed in class
igeneous, metamorphic, sedimentary
100
245 million years ago, the continents were connected as one single landmass called _____
Pangaea
100
What causes tsunamis?
earthquakes under the ocean
100
what is the difference between magma and lava?
magma is inside the Earth, lava is outside
200
What is the difference between cleavage and fracture?
cleavage-->breakage along smooth/flat surfaces
fracture-->breakage into uneven/irregular pieces
200
the process by which sediments are brought to rest after being moved by erosion is called _____
deposition
200
the process by which rocks change shape under stress is called
deformation
200
what are the two parts of the volcano we discussed in class?
main vent (the channel lava travels through)
crater (where the magma erupts from)
200
how are metamorphic rocks formed?
existing rock is changed by pressure, temperature, or chemical processes
300
what determines the chemical composition of a mineral?
The element that makes up the mineral
300
List the layers of the Earth based on CHEMICAL COMPOSITION
crust, mantle, core
300
List the 3 types of plate boundaries and draw arrows indicating how they move
divergent, convergent, transform
300
the ability of a liquid (like lava) to flow is called ____
viscosity
300
define epicenter
directly above the foucs- on Earth's surface
400
List 4 of the 8 ways we can identify a mineral
color, streak, luster, cleavage, fracture, density, hardness, special properties
400
What is the difference between weathering and erosion?
Weathering is caused by water, wind, ice, changing temps (weather)--> erosion is the movement of sediment from one place to another
400
Who proposed the hypothesis of continental drift?
Alfred Wegener
400
hot ash and bits of rock that are ejected during an explosion is called __________
pyroclastic materials
400
list two differences between shield and composite volcanoes
shield- less violent eruptions, on divergent boundaries
composite- erupt violently, on convergent boundaries
500
List 4 of the 5 qualities of minerals
definite chemical composition, solid, usually inorganic, crystalline structure, naturally occurring
500
List 3 of the 5 layers of the Earth based on physical features
lithosphere, asthenosphere, mesosphere, outer core, inner core
500
what is the difference between a syncline and an anticline mountain fold?
syncline= youngest rock layers in the middle of the fold
anticline= oldest layers of rock are in the middle of the fold
500
define elastic rebound
the return of rock to its original shape after deformation
500
draw and correctly label the 5 layers of the Earth based on its physical properties