Physical Processes
The formation, movement and melting of ice sheets. Glaciers weather, erode and deposit sediment.
Glaciation
Before there was solid rock, there was..
Magma/ Lava
Where does weather take place?
The atmosphere
How does a Divergent Boundary occur?
Example of this?
When two tectonic plates move away from each other
Building up new ocean floor
These trees are mainly located in northern climates (+ 45° latitude) and are able to sustain harsh winter climates
Coniferous Trees
Process where magma is forced to the surface by convection
Volcanism
What is formed where there is tremendous heat and pressure (in the mantle)
Metamorphic Rock
What do Climate Graphs show?
Climate Graphs include temperature and precipitation of a location
How is convergent boundary formed?
Example of this forming?
When two plates come together
Volcanoes or Mountain Ranges
Where are deciduous trees mainly located
Deciduous trees tend to grow in southern Canada. They are not able to survive in very cold climates
Converge to form mountains
Diverge to form oceans
Folding & Faulting
Sedimentary rock is formed with which physical processes?
Erosion: breaking away, transporting, depositing rock pieces by moving water
Weathering: rock changing shape and/or composition by wind, water, air, etc.
Describe Continental Climate
Developed inland (not near large body of water)
Annual precipitation is low
Higher precipitation in summer
Hot summers, very cold winters
Temperature range is large
How does a Transform Plate boundary occur
What can this cause?
When two plates slide past each other
Earthquakes
What is soil made of?
Water, Air, Minerals, and Nutrients
the picking-up and movement of weathered rock particles (sediment) by wind or moving water.
Erosion
What are the two types of igneous rock?
EXTRUSIVE: forms in lava (outside the crust, on the surface
ie: basalt (ocean floor)
INTRUSIVE: forms in magma deep underground
ie: granite (Canadian Shield)
Describe Maritime Climate
Influenced by the closeness of a large body of water
Coastal locations
Annual temperature range tends to be smaller
ie: -10°C in winter +10°C in summer
= Temperature range 20°C
Annual precipitation is high (lots of rains and snow)
Precipitation is higher in winter
Cool summers, warm winters
Name one of Alfred Wegener's clues
Wegener noticed that the coastlines of continents, especially South America and Africa, seemed to fit together like puzzle pieces
He found that mountain ranges and rock types on different continents lined up when the continents were fitted together
A Horizon (topsoil)
the breaking down of rocks into smaller pieces (sediment). Entire mountains can be weathered into sediment by wind, water or chemicals.
Weathering
What are the Four Earth Layers?
The inner core, the outer core, the mantle and the crust
What does LOWERN stand for
L latitude
O ocean currents
W wind and air masses
E elevation
R relief
N near water
This process in the Earth's mantle is believed to drive the movement of tectonic plates.
convection currents
Explain Bedrock
parent material, solid rock, mostly limestone