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MACROMOLECULES
CELLS
TAXONOMY
CLASSIFICATION
100
Name the four types of Carbon Compounds we learned in class...
Carbohydrates | Proteins | Lipids | Nucleic Acids
100
Name the two types of cells based on the presence or absence of nucleus.
Prokaryotic | Eukaryotic
100
Name all domains and their corresponding kingdoms
Bacteria: Eubacteria | Archaea: Archaeabacteria | Eukarya: Protista; Fungi; Plantae; Animalia
100
Name the three types of classification tools scientists use to classify living organisms.
Cladogram | Dichotomous keys | Phylogenetic trees
200
The monomers that make up nucleic acids are known as…
Nucleotides
200
Name at least 2 scientists that discovered something related to cells and what they discovered/observed...
Hooke: observed cork in microscope | Leeuwenhoek: first to observe living organisms through microscope | Schleiden: concluded that all plants are made up of cells | Schwann: concluded that all animals are made up of cells | Virchow: proposed that all cells come from existing cells | Margulis: proposed the idea that some organelles were once free-living cells themselves.
200
What characteristics differentiate the kingdoms Plantae and Animalia? Name and describe 2.
Autotrophs vs. Heterotrophs | Cell wall vs. no cell wall | Chloroplast vs. no chloroplast | Photosynthetic vs. non photosynthetic
200
Which of the three tools used to classify living organisms, is based on external characteristics?
Dichotomous Key
300
What is polymerization?
A process that joins monomers together to form polymers
300
List two organelles that are found in a plant cell but not in an animal cell and explain their functions.
Chloroplast: trap energy from the sun and convert it into food for the plant | Cell wall: encloses the plant cell giving it rigidity.
300
You found an organism with the characteristics described below: No nucleus in cell | Cell wall | Only one cell makes up the organism | Organism can trap energy and create its own energy Which option best describes the organism: (A) Prokaryotic, multicellular, heterotroph (B) Prokaryotic, unicellular, autotroph (C) Prokaryotic, unicellular, heterotroph (D) Eukaryotic, unicellular, autotroph (E) Eukaryotic, unicellular, heterotroph
(B)
300
In a Cladogram the hagfish is at the bottom-left of the line and it does not contain jaws. The chimp is at the very top-right position of the line and it has jaws. Jaws are characteristics of certain living organisms that evolved over time. How are characteristics that evolved over time called?
Derived characteristics | Derived characters
400
Which monomer do you need to form proteins?
Amino acids
400
If onions are considered green plants, then why wasn’t the onion cell you observed in the lab green?
The onion cell does not chloroplast because it grows under the ground. Chloroplast can be found in the leaves that are above the ground, and that is why the onion is considered a green plant.
400
You found another organism with the characteristics below: Cell with nucleus | Cell wall present | Multicellular | Autotroph | Chloroplast | Cell wall made up of cellulose What kind of organism did you find?
A Plant
400
Based on the Cladogram above: (1) Name one characteristic that is shared by the lizard, mouse, and chimp. (2) Name one characteristic that only one of them (lizard, mouse and chimp) is lacking.
(1) Claws or nails | (2) Fur; mammary glands)
500
Explain how the function of Lipids is different from the function of Nucleic Acids.
Lipids store energy | Nucleic Acids store and transmit hereditary or genetic info.
500
You are asked to create a genetically modified plant. The plant normally gives blue flowers, but you have to modify the DNA of the plant in some way so that the flowers are now white. Which part of the cell would you need to get access to in order to extract the genetic material of the plant?
Nucleus
500
If an organism is capable of surviving extreme environments, such as a thermal vent the organism would be considered a thermophile. Would this organism have cell walls containing peptidoglycan? To which kingdom would this organism belong to?
No. The organism belongs to Archaeabacteria?
500
What is Phylogeny?
The study of evolutionary relationships