Parts of the Neuron
Life support center of the neuron
What is the Cell Body?
Enables muscle action, learning, and memory
Part of the nervous system responsible for the brain and the spinal chord
What is Central Nervous System (CNS)?
The region of the brain that controls the pituitary gland
What is hypothalamus?
The oldest part of the brain that begins where the spinal chord swells and enters the skull
What is brain stem?
Extensions that branch from the cell body and receive messages from other neurons
What are dendrites?
Influences learning, movement, attention, and emotion
What is dopamine?
The body's communication center that consists of all nerve cells
What is Nervous System?
Gland that helps regulate the level of calcium in the blood
What is parathyroid?
The base of the brain stem that controls heart rate and breathing
What is the medulla?
A long, single extension of a neuron
What is axon?
Affects mood, hunger, sleep, and arousal
What is serotonin?
The sensory and motor neurons that connect the central nervous system to the rest of the body
What is peripheral nervous system (PNS)?
Gland that triggers the fight or flight response through the medulla inside of it
What are adrenal glands?
The brain's sensory switchboard that is located at the top of the brain stem
What is the thalamus?
Insulates the axon and speeds up messages through neurons
What is Myelin Sheath?
A major inhibitory neurotransmitter
What is GABA?
The division of the peripheral nervous system that controls the body’s skeletal muscles
What is Somatic Nervous System?
Gland that regulates the level of sugar in blood
What is the pancreas?
The structure that is attached to the rear of the brain stem and helps coordinate voluntary movement and balance
What is the cerebellum?
Branched endings of an axon that transmit messages to other neurons
What are Terminal Branches of the Axon?
A major excitatory neurotransmitter involved in memory
What is glutamate?
Part of the peripheral nervous system that controls the glands and other muscles
What is autonomic nervous system?
Gland that affects metabolism
What is the thyroid gland?
Two almond-shaped neural clusters linked to
the emotions of fear and anger
What are amygdala?