Misc
what breaks up food for cellular eating?
lysosomes
The polymer that the cell membrane is mostly made up of
phospholipids (phospholipid bilayer)
Because passive transport doesn't use energy, it instead uses a ____ to transport materials
(Think: hi-lo creates flow)
concentration gradient
Active transport moves a substance from ___ concentration to ___ concentration using ATP
(Think: against the concentration gradient)
high, low
(tonicity)
hypotonic
The word for a cell membrane having a very specific pattern
'mosaic'
water follows ____
solute
What type of protein does active transport use?
transport protein (the spinny one)
Passive transport - definition
doesn't require energy from the cell (ATP)
The two types of proteins in the cell membrane and descriptions of what they are
Peripheral - don't go through the membrane
Integral/Transmembrane - go through the membrane
Bonus points: Integral proteins can have a channel, called a channel protein.
What are the four things that substances travel through to get into the cell and what they carry (4 things)
(i.e. [substance] diffuses into the cell through [the thing that it diffuses through])
gases (O2 and CO2) diffuse into the cell through the phospholipid bilayer
water diffuses into the cell through aquaporins
sodium (Na+) diffuses into the cell through sodium channels (channel proteins)
amino acids and glucose diffuse into the cell through carrier proteins
2 types of bulk transport and functions
endocytosis - into the cell
exocytosis - out of the cell
Active transport - definition
Doesn't need a concentration gradient, uses ATP/energy from the cell
glycolipid (carb chains attached to a lipid) glycoprotein (carb chains attached to a protein
cell ID and communication
3 types of tonicity, what they do
hypertonic, high solute concentration (comparatively)
hypotonic, low solute concentration (comparatively)
isotonic, same solute concentration
2 types of endocytosis and functions
phagocytosis - cellular eating
pinocytosis - cellular drinking
difference between solute, solvent, and solution
solute - dissolved in the solvent
solvent - dissolves the solute
solution - the combination of the solute and solvent
What components of the cell membrane contribute to the fluid nature of the membrane?
phospholipid
cholesterol
name the three types of passive transport and their functions
osmosis - diffusion of water through an aquaporin
simple diffusion - the movement of a substance down its concentration gradient across a selectively permeable membrane
facilitated diffusion - the movement of a substance down its concentration gradient across a membrane through a channel or carrier protein
does endo- or exocytosis use more energy
exocytosis