Absolutism
Europeans started to gather knowledge based on these 3 things.
Observation, experiments, and math
Who said "people are born with natural rights including the right to life, liberty, and property".
John Locke
This Frenchman believed that people should be free to choose their own beliefs and supported the idea of deism (a religious belief based on reason).
Voltaire
This group spoke for the people and helped make laws in England after the Magna Carta was signed.
Parliament
This group lived in poverty and had very few rights. They were inspired by the Enlightenment and the American Revolution to lead their own revolution.
French citizens
New scientific thinking was rooted in this academic subject.
Astronomy
This Enlightenment philosopher believed when people entered into a social contract that they agreed to be ruled by "general will".
Jean-Jacques Rousseau
This belief is that all power of the monarchs came directly from God and they were responsible ONLY to God.
Divine Right
This person was the "Sun King", had no advisors, lived a lavish lifestyle, fought costly war, left France in debt and with enemies, and forced people of France to convert to Catholicism.
King Louis XIV of France
Reasons that the French Revolution started were:
Unequal _____ burdens
Government _____
Financial Crisis
Inspiration from the ________ Revolution
tax, debt, American
This early astronomer proposed the heliocentric universe theory.
Copernicus
Our government has the ideas of separation of powers with checks and balances and a limited government with three branches of government because of this man.
Baron de Montesquieu
This group argued that a leader with unlimited power would unify the nation and make it strong.
Monarchs
This man made himself the head of the Russian Orthodox Church, westernized Russia, built of the military of Russia, and expanded the country's borders.
Czar Peter I (a.k.a. Peter the Great)
This event kicked off the beginning of the French Revolution.
Storming of the Bastille
The Roman Catholic Church charged this scientist with heresy for his many challenges to traditional thinking.
Galileo
Finish the statement for each:
_________ branch=President is the head
_________ branch=Congress is the head
_________ branch=Supreme Court is the head
300 point bonus: Explain the job of each branch.
Executive
Legislative
Judicial
This is a type of social contract that is a written agreement between the people of the nation and the government.
A written Constitution
This group argued for a limited government in which others could voice their opinions as well in the government.
Philosophers
This document written by Lafayette was adopted right before King Louis XVI was beheaded by the guillotine
Declaration of Rights of Man and of the Citizen
Name one of the four new and advanced tools that were created for scientists during the Scientific Revolution.
barometer, telescope, microscope, thermometer, Scientific Method
According to John Locke, citizens have the right to rebel against the government if the government is not protecting their rights. What is this agreement known as?
Social Contract
During the Glorious Revolution, William and Mary came to power when this document was signed that ended divine right.
The English Bill of Rights
Unfair social divisions led to three groups of people in France.
First Estate=________
Second Estate=aristocracy
Third Estate=peasants & __________
Bonus: This group pays ALL of the taxes.
Clergy, Bourgeoisie
Bonus: Bourgeoisie (Third Estate)
The ________ ___ _________ followed and Maximilien Robespierre killed anyone suspected of being disloyal to the revolution. Thousands of Royalists were killed including Queen Marie Antoinette.
Reign of Terror