Organelles
Mitosis
DNA
RNA
Mutations
Prokaryote vs Eukaryote
Cell Cycle
Animal vs Plant cell
Unit 1 Review
100
What do ribosomes do?
Draw one
make protein
100
Is mitosis Asexual or Sexual reproduction?
Asexual
100
How many strands is DNA?
2
100
How many strands is RNA?
1
100
Describe what a mutation is at a DNA level
an error in the base of a DNA
100
What is a prokaryote commonly known as?
a bacteria
100
What is the first step of the cell cycle?
What happens in here?
G1
Growth
100
What shape is a plant cell generally shown as?
rectangle
100
Explain a negative feedback loop and give an example
Some sort of opposite reaction of the body to get to homeostasis
sweating, shivering, blood glucose
200
What do mitochondria do?
Draw one
make energy (ATP)
200
Are parent cells and daughter cells identical or different?
AND
How many daughter cells are made by mitosis?
identical
2
200
What are the 4 bases of DNA?
A,T,C,G
200
What are the 4 bases of RNA?
What type of bonds hold the bases to each other?
A,U,C,G
Hydrogen bonds
200
What shape is a ribose sugar?
pentagon
200
Between a prokaryote and eukaryote, which has a nucleus?
eukaryote
200
What is the second step of the cell cycle?
What happens in it?
S
Synthesis/making of more DNA
200
What two organelles do plant cells have that animal cells dont?
cell wall
Chloroplast
200
Explain a positive feedback loop and give an example
bodys response to a stimulus to make something happen to completion
ex. blood clotting, childbirth, lactation
300
What does a nucleus do?
Draw one
stores genetic info
300
What type of cells do mitosis?
somatic (body)
300
What is a nucleotide made up of? DONT ABBREVIATE
phosphate, sugar, base
300
a phosphate, sugar, and base make up what monomer (building block)?
nucleotide
300
What is the monomer for RNA?
nucleotide
300
List 5 things a eukaryote has that a prokaryote doesnt
membrane bound organelles in general
mitochondria
rough ER
smooth ER
Golgi
vacuole
chloroplast (plant)
lysosome (animal)
nucleus
300
What is the fourth part of the cell cycle?
What happens in it (be specific, dont just give me the name of sub-phases)?
M (mitosis) --> PMAT
The cell is splitting
300
What is different about the vacuoles for a plant cell vs an animal cell?
Plant cell has 1 big one, animal cell has many tiny ones
300
What shape is an exponential curve?
Does this environment that makes that curve have limited or unlimited resources?
What shape is a logistic curve?
Does this environment that makes that curve have limited or unlimited resources?
whoop up
unlimited
whoop up then level off
limited
400
What does the vacuole do?
Draw one
stores water/waste/nutrients
400
If a parent cell has 46 chromosomes, how many chromosomes do the daughter cells have?
46
400
What shape is DNA
The second strand that pairs with the template strand is called the ____________ strand
double helix
Complementary
400
the process of using DNA to make mRNA is called what?
the process of using mRNA to make amino acids is called what?
Transcription
Translation
400
What does RNA stand for?
ribo-nucleic-acid
400
What does eu-karyote mean literally?
What does pro-karyote mean literally?
true nucleus
before nucleus
400
What is the third phase of the cell cycle?
Whats happening in it (2 things)
G2
More growth, proofreading DNA for errors
400
What does an animal cell have that a plant cell doesnt?
lysosome
400
Explain carrying capacity
the max amount a population can stay at
500
What does the cell membrane do?
lets certain things in/out
500
What are all the phases of Mitosis? WRITE THEM OUT, NO ACRONYMS
Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase
500
What is the name of the sugar in DNA?
AND
What shape is the sugar?
Deoxyribose
Pentagon (its a pentose sugar)
500
What are the two types of RNA called:
(_RNA and _RNA)
AND
What do those letters you answered with stand for?
mRNA and tRNA
messenger and transfer
500
List 4 mutagens
UV rays
Xrays
Processed foods
Alcohol
Smoking
Red meat
500
List all the organelles a prokaryote has
cell wall
cell membrane
cytoplasm
ribosomes
flagella/cillia
free-floating DNA would be nice to mention....
500
What is the final step of the cell cycle?
What's happening in it?
AND
What are G1, S, and G2 together called?
cytokinesis
cell chops in half
Interphase
500
What is the carrying capacity of this curve?
around 7600
600
What does the lysosome do?
Draw one
cleans/breaks things down in the cell
600
What are the 3 reasons we do mitosis/cell division?
Repair wounds, grow, replace cells that have naturally died
600
Why is the order of the bases so important (ex: GAT instead of TAG)?
the specific order of the bases gives rise to a specific RNA codon, which determines one amino acid instead of a different one
600
Many linked amino acids together make a protein. What else is this called?
polypeptide
600
Describe in detail how a mutation in DNA can cause a difference in a trait
the change in a DNA base changes the mRNA codon, which change the amino acid, which creates a whole different protein
600
What shape is some of the DNA in a bacteria cell?
What is this special shaped DNA called?
circular
plasmid
600
What type of cell ignores a healthy cell cycle?
cancerous cells
600
Describe how antibiotic resistance happens? Include the word "fit" in your answer
natural selection: the bacteria that have the "fit" trait of being resistant to antibiotic live through antibiotic treatments, then reproduce to pass on these successful genes
700
What does the golgi body do?
Draw one
packages things
700
what is it called when there are 2 copies of each chromosome? We say body cells are ________
diploid
700
Use arrows to show antiparallel
What do the bases stand for?
one arrow up, one arrow down
Adenine
Thymine
Cytosine
Guanine
700
The DNA segment TTCGTTACG makes what amino acid chain?
mRNA: AAG-CAA-UGC
aminos: Lys Glu Cys
700
What type of "shift" is created by an insertion or a deletion mutation?
frameshift
700
eukaryotic cells are bigger or smaller than prokaryotes?
What are the 2 types of eukaryotic cells?
What organelle(s) did I mention that's in a eukaryote that was likely its own prokaryotic cell before it entered the eukaryote cells in our ancestors?
bigger
plant and animal
Mitochondria/chloroplast (Endosymbiont theory)
700
Imagine a cell has 114 chromosomes, and it blew past S phase. How many chromosomes would the daughter cells have?
57
700
Name an antibiotic?
What is a zone of inhibition?
Methicillin, Amoxycillin, Penicillin, Vancomycin
The area around an antibiotic disk that shows the potency of the antibiotic in killing a bacteria on a petri dish