Big Changes
This 18th-century religious movement encouraged colonists to have a personal connection with God.
What is the Great Awakening?
Colonists used this form of protest—refusing to buy British goods—to oppose unfair taxes.
What is a boycott?
Most new state governments divided power among three branches, including an executive branch led by this person, who enforced the law.
What is a governor?
Delegates met to fix this weak system of government that had governed for 10 years.
Articles of Confederation
Northern states wanted Congress to regulate this, while Southern states feared taxes on exports and losing the ability to acquire slaves.
What is trade?
This European movement inspired colonists to use reason and science to question government and authority.
What is the Enlightenment?
This law required colonists to pay for official stamps on documents like newspapers and legal papers.
What is the Stamp Act?
Most new state governments divided power among three branches, including this branch that interpreted laws and handled disputes.
What is the judicial branch?
Because they built the framework for a new government, the delegates are often called this.
What are Framers?
Roger Sherman’s plan that created a two-house Congress to satisfy both large and small states.
What is the Great Compromise (or Connecticut Compromise)?
Enlightenment thinker John Locke believed all people were born with these three natural rights.
What are life, liberty, and property?
Writs of assistance allowed British officials to do this.
What is search homes and businesses for smuggled goods?
This 1786–1787 uprising of angry Massachusetts farmers convinced many Americans that a stronger national government was needed.
What is Shay's Rebellion?
The delegates were instructed to revise the Articles but instead decided to write this.
What is the U.S. Constitution?
This agreement counted every five enslaved people as three free persons for both taxes and representation in Congress.
What is the Three-Fifths Compromise?
The war between Britain and France (and their Native American allies) for control of North America was called this.
What is the French and Indian War?
Parliament repealed the Stamp Act but immediately passed this law to remind the colonies that Britain had the right to tax the colonies “in all cases whatsoever.”
What is the Declaratory Act?
This section of the state constitutions guaranteed specific freedoms, such as trial by jury and property ownership, inspired by the Magna Carta and an earlier English version.
What is the bill of rights?
This plan, proposed by James Madison, favored large states and based representation on population.
What is the Virginia Plan?
This compromise created the system that elects the president and vice president.
What is the Electoral College?
After the war, King George III issued this proclamation forbidding colonists from settling west of the Appalachian Mountains.
What is the Proclamation of 1763?
These 1774 laws were meant to punish Massachusetts for the Boston Tea Party, and pushed colonists to meet and declare independence.
What are the Coercive Acts (Intolerable Acts)?
Under the Articles of Confederation, the national government was weak because it lacked two key powers — to (1) ______ its citizens and to regulate (2)_______.
(1) tax
(2) trade
This plan, proposed by William Paterson, favored small states and gave each state one vote.
What is the New Jersey Plan?
The compromise that combined Madison and Paterson's plans created Congress, which was separated into an upper house, called (1)_______ and a lower house, called (2) _______.
(1) the Senate
(2) the House of Representatives