Status
Define status
A status is a socially defined position.
Define role
the behavior expected of an individual who occupies a given social position or status.
define social institution
is a group of statuses and roles that are organized to satisfy one or more of the basic needs of society.
what are the two main groups?
primary and secondary
what are the three society?
preindustrial, industrial, and postindustrial.
what are the types of statuses
Ascibed, achieved, and master
types of roles
role set, role conflict, role strain, role exit
what are the five common forms of social interaction?
exchange, competition, conflict, cooperation,and accommodation.
define primary group?
1. The most intimate type
2.Fundamental in forming the
social nature and ideals of the
individual
3.Small group that interacts over
a long period of time on a
personal basis
4. Involves entire self of a member
What is life like in a preindustrial society today?
The largest groups studied by sociologists are entire
societies. Sociologists categorize societies according to
subsistence strategies. In a preindustrial society food
production is the main economic activity.
defined Ascribed status and give an example
is assigned according to qualities beyond a person’s control. Age, race, ethnicity, ancestry.
what are the two roles that we use in society
Role strain and Role conflict
out of the five common forms which three tend to stabilize the social structure and which two tend to encourage social change?
Exchange, cooperation, and accommodation tend to stabilize the social structure, while competition and conflict tend to encourage social change.
define secondary group
1.Interaction is impersonal and
temporary
2. Involve only part of a member’s
self
3. Casual and limited
4.Importance of person linked to
his or her function
5.Members can be replaced
How does industrialization lead to urbanization?
Use of centralized power sources (water, steam) moves production from homes to factories; cities form as homes cluster around factories and other businesses, such as stores, are started nearby to serve the increasingly concentrated population
Define Achieved status and give examples
is acquired through a person’s direct efforts, such as education. Becoming an athlete, lawyer, doctor, parent, spouse, criminal, thief, or a university professor are examples of achieved status.
Give examples of Role strain
athlete: be the best on the team, don't make teammates look bad
How does exchange work?
Exchange occurs when people interact in an effort to receive a reward or a return for their actions.
How do primary groups and secondary groups differ?
primary—small group deeply and directly interacting over long time, often face-to-face, informal structure; secondary—impersonal and temporary interaction, members can be replaced to perform functions of group.
On what economic activity are postindustrial societies based?
production of manufactured goods
define master status and give example
is the one that plays the greatest role in a person’s life. Race, age, ethnicity, occupation, and sexual orientation are examples of master.
give examples of Role conflict
team member: attend practice
student: complete homework
granddaughter: visit grandmother
What is exchange theory?
is the idea that people are motivated by self-interest in their interactions with other people.
What types of leadership do groups need
to be successful?
need both instrumental leaders and expressive leaders
How do exchange theorists view social interaction?
based on people doing things mostly for rewards.