Ch. 16
____________ were industrial leaders who maintained their power without accountability or morals.
"Robber Barons"
At the height of his power, __________ controlled how much of the oil production in the United States?
John D. Rockefeller
the process of people moving from rural areas to cities, causing cities to grow in size and population
Urbanization
a set of ideologies that apply Charles Darwin's theory of natural selection to human society
Social Darwinism
This book highlighted many of the issues in the meatpacking industry
The Jungle by Upton Sinclair
__________ took advantage of a new steelmaking process that was both cheaper and more efficient, which allowed him to dominate US steel industry.
Andrew Carnegie
The __ Amendment to the United States Constitution gives Congress the power to levy an income tax without regard to population or census
16th
a political movement in the late 19th century that sought to represent the interests of farmers and laborers against the elites and established political powers
The Populist Party
reform-minded journalists, writers, and photographers in the Progressive Era in the United States (1890s–1920s) who claimed to expose corruption and wrongdoing in established institutions, often through sensationalist publications.
Muckrakers
True or False:
The American Federation of Labor (AFL) accepted memberships of both skilled and unskilled laborers
False
a business strategy where a company expands its operations by acquiring or merging with another company in the same industry and at the same level of the value chain
horizontal integration
a federal law that prohibits anticompetitive business practices and the formation of trusts, cartels, and monopolies
Sherman Antitrust Act
a landmark 1896 Supreme Court case that upheld the constitutionality of racial segregation laws, establishing the "separate but equal" doctrine.
Plessy V Ferguson
an inclusive labor union in the United States that sought to organize workers by industry, rather than by trade or craft
IWW
a model for organizing mass production and consumption that was developed by Henry Ford for the automobile industry
Fordism
a business strategy where a company owns and controls multiple stages of a product's supply chain, from raw materials to retail
vertical integration
a philosophy popularized by Andrew Carnegie, a prominent industrialist, which argued that wealthy individuals had a moral obligation to use their wealth for the greater good of society by actively engaging in philanthropy and donating to institutions that would benefit the public
The "Gospel of Wealth"
the first federal law to prohibit immigration from a specific ethnic group
The Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882
a nationwide strike and boycott that took place from May 11 to July 20, 1894 in response to wage cuts, layoffs, and firings at the Pullman Palace Car Company in Chicago.
The Pullman Strike
US President known for his "Square Deal" domestic policies, which called for fairness for all citizens, breaking bad trusts, regulating railroads, and pure food and drugs.
Teddy Roosevelt
Who coined the term "Gilded Age"
Mark Twain
a powerful American banker and industrialist who was a major figure in the development of the US economy
J.P. Morgan
a style of journalism that uses sensationalism and exaggeration to sell newspapers
Yellow Journalism
US President known for signing the first tariff revision since 1897; establishing a postal savings system; forming the Interstate Commerce Commission; and prosecuting over 75 antitrust violations
William H. Taft
US President known for passing the 19th amendment to grant women's rights', his success in making the Democratic Party a "party of reform," and his ability to shape public opinion molded together the modern presidency.
Woodrow Wilson