Nutrition
What are dietary sources for Vitamin C?
Dietary sources include fresh yellow and orange fruits, papaya, kiwi, broccoli, and sweet and white potatoes.
Interventions for hypercalcemia
Increase active ROM, heart monitor, encourage increase fluid intake (Table 39.6)
S&S of a UTI
Dysuria, confusion, fever, strong odor
What are risk factors for colorectal cancer?
45 years or older, IBD, Family Hx, Smoking
What is a normal weight BMI?
18.5 kg/m2 to 24.9 kg/m2
What does vitamin A do? List some food sources for vitamin A
increase the resistance to infection, promote night vision , develop and maintain normal function of epithelial tissue, and aid in the development of normal bones and teeth. Food sources: liver, milk, egg yolk, and dark, leafy green vegetables. Yellow and orange vegetables and fruits.
List atleast 3 S&S of hypovolemia
weak/ thready pulse, Tachycardia, Low BP, decreased skin turgor, decreased urinary output, dry mucus membranes.
What are atleast 3 things you would teach your patient about UTI prevention?
S&S of fecal impaction
oozing liquid, distension, N/V, anorexia, cramping
What are the restrictions for patients adhering by a kosher diet?
the consumption of pork, shellfish, rare meats, and blood is prohibited, as is the combining of milk or dairy products with meat. strict kosher food preparation laws, as well as cooking restrictions, on the Sabbath. Certain Jewish holidays require eating only unleavened bread or fasting.
List foods you would recommend for a patient with hypophosphatemia
Milk, meat, nuts, legumes, and grains (table 39.2)
What is insensible loss (fluid output)
Moisture lost through respiration and perspiration, through skin and lungs, cant be directly measured.
What are measures/ interventions to manage incontinence?
Privacy, toileting schedule, fluid intake, monitor I&O, Kegel exercises.
How should a health stoma look?
should be dark pink to red in color. The surface should be warm and moist since the tissue consistency is similar to the lips
What is third spacing?
Fluid that moves into a tissue at a faster rate than it can be reabsorbed into intravascular space. Example edema
Interventions for patients at risk for aspiration (atleast 3)
Atleast 3 S&S of severe hypernatremia
LOC changes, irritability, decreased LOC, hallucinations and seizures
How to perform routine catheter care?
the urethral meatus should be cleansed once or twice daily with soap and water or with chlorhexidine, Catheter bags should be consistently kept below the level of the bladder to prevent backflow, bags should be emptied when two-thirds full.
List 3 things to know regarding enema administration.
Skill 40.1 p. 1040
Place the patient in the left side-lying position with right knee flexed, with waterproof padding under the patient. Lying on the left side promotes the flow of solution to the colon by gravity, is the optimal positioning for the procedure, reduces strain on the caregiver, and promotes patient comfort. Using warm solution prevents abdominal cramping (as would be caused by cold solution) or burning (if hot solution is used). Prime the tube to avoid air infusion, which would cause abdominal distention. Verifying the accuracy of the dose avoids possible medication errors by adhering to the Rights of Medication Administration.
List atleast 3 S&S of Hypervolemia
Edema, JVD, increase BP, Bounding pulse, Crackles, weight gain, bounding pulse
What does prealbumin levels measure and what can they determine?
Measure the amount of protein contained in the internal organs and are valuable for determining recent nutritional status. Prealbumin levels below 11 mg/dL indicate the presence of malnutrition
What does Aldosterone do?
Aldosterone decreases urine output. It does this by promoting the reabsorption of sodium and water in the kidneys, which increases blood volume and decreases the amount of water excreted in urine.
List different types of foley catheters and the purpose of them ( choose at least 3)
straight: in and out cath used for urinary retention
3way: hematuria, urology surgery, CBI
external: Reduce CAUTI
coude: BPH
What pathologic conditions and other factors that cause diarrhea?
allergies or intolerance to food, fluids, drugs; antibiotic use; laxative use; communicable foodborne pathogens; diseases of the colon; diagnostic testing; enteral nutrition usage; medications; psychological stress; surgery of the GI tract; and c.diff
List facts about TPN
should not be used routinely in patients with an intact GI tract. Compared with enteral nutrition, it causes more complications, does not preserve GI tract structure. TPN formula is individualized to meet the patient’s needs. High risk of site infections, air embolism, gallbladder dysfunction, wean off slowly due to risk of hypoglycemia, requires regualr glucose checks.