Unit 3 Outcome 1
Explain what is meant by health and wellbeing is subjective.
Means something different for each individual.
Identify the five principles of the social model.
- Addresses the broader factors of health
- Reduces social inequities
- Empowers individuals and the community
- Accessbility to healthcare
- Intersectoral collaboration
Identify one economic and one environmental characteristic of low-income countries.
Economic: less likely to have global trade arrangments or well developed industries, more likely to have higher levels of poverty or a lower gross national income.
Environmental: less likely to have access to adequate housing or safe water and sanitation, more likely to experience the impacts of climate change.
Identify the name of SDG 2.
Zero Hunger
Identify the four components of Australia's health system.
Identify two sociocultural factors that lead to variations in health status and burden of disease between Indigenous and non-Indigenous Australians.
- Unemployment
- Lower socioeconomic status
- Social exclusion
- Negative early life experiences
Outline one way that old public health and the biomedical model of health can address rates of cardiovascular disease in Australia.
Old public health: refrigeration prevented people from preserving their food with salt, meaning they were less likely to develop hypertension (a form of CVD).
Biomedical model: blood pressure medication is used to treat high blood pressure and reduce rates of CVD.
Identify the three dimensions and four indicators of the human development index.
Dimensions: health, knowledge and a decent standard of living.
Indicators: gross national income per capita, mean years of schooling, expected years of schooling and life expectancy.
Outline the purpose and characteristics of multilateral aid.
Purpose: to conduct large scale programs that reach large populations.
Characteristics: multiple countries contribute aid to a large organisation who then distribute the aid.
Identify the four criteria used to evaluate international aid programs.
Partnerships, ownership, focus on results and transparency and accountability.
Outline how physical health and wellbeing can be a national resource.
Means people all over the country are free from disease and infirmity, which means they can go to work, increasing workplace productivity. This increases company revenue resulting in higher taxes being paid to the government and an increase in the countries gross national income (GNI).
Identify a smoking health promotion program and outline how it reflects two action areas of the Ottawa Charter.
QUIT:
Creates supportive environments: Quitline provides coaching and tips on how to quit smoking.
Develop personal skills: television advertisements explaining the long term consequences of smoking.
Outline how inequality and discrimination can impact health status.
Inequality means that many girls are sold by their fathers as child brides which often results in them being forced into a sexual relationship at an early stage whereby they can fall pregnant before their body is ready. This can lead to hemorrhaging during childbirth which can lead to death and increase mortality rates.
Identify two priorities of Australia's aid program and outline how the government goes about working to achieve these priorities.
Infrastructure, trade facilitation and international competitiveness: donate money to Indonesia to build sea ports to increase their ability to trade globally.
Education and health: donate resources and send builders to Laos where they can build education facilities to increase the number of children who can attend school.
Identify three criteria that are used to evaluate the effectiveness of Indigenous health programs in Australia.
- Reflects the action areas of the Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion
- Brings about improvements to Indigenous health and wellbeing
- Meets the specific needs of the community
Identify four dietary risks and outline how one can impact on health status in Australia.
- Underconsumption of vegetables, fruit or dairy
- High intake of salt, fat or sugar
- Low intake of fibre or iron
High salt intake means excess fluid is being drawn from the cells which can increase blood volume and lead to hypertension, increasing morbidity rates in Australia.
Identify one Australian Dietary Guideline and outline how it has led to improved burden of disease in Australia.
Limit intake of saturated fat, added salt, added sugar and alcohol. Reduced consumption of sugar results in people being less likely to have high consumption of energy preventing the conversion into fat tissue and obesity. This reduces years lost due to disability (YLD) in Australia.
Explain how tourism can improve human development globally.
Provides job opportunities and therefore people can earn an income. They can afford to send their children to school resulting in them being able to learn how to read and write (access to knowledge). This means in the future they will be able to choose from a wider range of employment opportunities (expanding people's choices).
Outline how the achievement of SDG 13 can lead to the achievement of SDG 3.
SDG 13 focused on integrating climate change measures into national policies, strategies and planning. This means that countries are more likely to be implementing strategies such as sea walls to combat the impact of climate change (rising sea levels). This means that farmers are less likely to lose their crops to flooding meaning they can continue to sell their crops to make an income. This means they can afford immunisations for their children against measles, preventing death and decreasing the deaths of children under the age of 5 (an aspect of SDG 3).
Outline how the social model of health could address rates of infectious and parasitic diseases in Australia.
Empowering individuals and the community: television advertisements explaining the importance of having an influenza vaccination.
Explain how social justice improves two dimensions of health and wellbeing.
Means everyone has access to opportunities such as employment and can earn an income to provide for their family leading to a sense of purpose in life (spiritual h&w).
Means everyone has access to opportunities such as going to school where they can interact with others their own age and build a supportive network of friends (social h&w).
Explain how Medicare promotes health in relation to equity.
Medicare has a safety net where those with high medical costs in a 12 month period pay reduced medical costs for the remainder of that year. This means people can still seek a doctors consultation for preventative healthcare such as regular skin checks resulting in lower stress levels that they are going to be diagnosed with skin cancer (mental h&w).
Outline how environmental sustainability can lead to improved health and wellbeing globally.
Means that everyone everywhere has employment and can earn an income. This means they can afford basic necessities for their families resulting in them feeling a sense of purpose in life (spiritual h&w).
Identify and describe one priority of the World Health Organisation and outline one way they could work to achieve it.
Achieving universal health coverage means that everyone everywhere has access to the health services they require regardless of their living location or ability to pay. This can be achieved by providing technical support and building sustainable health systems by sending in government officials to show the government how to allocate money from the budget to implement a universal health insurance scheme.
Describe the implementation of a multilateral program that could be implemented to target malaria in Sudan (three actions required).
Australia could give money to UNICEF to implement a program in Africa whereby:
1. They donate mosquito nets for people to use at night to prevent being bitten by a mosquito.
2. They send healthcare workers to work with local nurses showing them how to administer antimalarial medication
3. They work with the government showing them how to allocate money from the budget to providing free antimalarial medication to all children and pregnant women.