Movement Skills/Coaching
Is long jump classified as an open or closed skill? Explain why?
Closed (predictable environment, internally paced)
Outline the difference between concurrent and terminal feedback?
Concurrent- Ongoing, live
Terminal- At the end
Define "steady state"
The state in which oxygen supply equals oxygen demand so that virtually all the required ATP to maintain the current exercise intensity is being supplied aerobically.
One advantage and one disadvantage of using direct observation as a tool to conduct an activity analysis
Advantage: Allows immediate feedback and identification of strengths and weaknesses during performance.
Disadvantage: Can be subjective, as accuracy depends on the observer’s judgment and experience.
Mechanical advantage of 3rd class levers. Explain what is means?
Third-class levers are built to amplify speed and so have a mechanical advantage of less than 1. The further below 1 the mechanical advantage of the lever is, the more the lever magnifies speed and the faster the end of the lever will move.
Define "serial" skills
Serial motor skills are a series or group of discrete skills joined together to create a more complicated
action (e.g. a gymnastics routine) or, in other words, fundamental movement skills combining to form a
sport-specific skill.
Explain the two types of practice distribution?
Massed practice schedules involve fewer practice sessions of longer duration, often more practical for the time-poor amateur sportsperson or sports club. Involves more time spent actively practicing and less time spent resting.
Distributed practice schedules involve more frequent sessions of shorter duration, suits beginners who tire quickly and struggle to maintain concentration.
Distributed practice is very effective for learning new movement skills, especially complex and physically demanding movement skills.
Which two factors, when multiplied, result in ventilation
Tidal Volume × Respiratory Rate
Common test used to measure an athlete's level of anaerobic capacity
Phosphate Recovery Test
Factors that can affect stability
– centre of gravity
– base of support
– line of gravity
– friction
– mass.
Outline how sociocultural factors can impact a learner
Sociocultural factors impact the learner’s opportunity to be involved in sport, and their motivation to learn
movement skills through a range of influences including socialisation, role modelling, and support and
encouragement.
Outline the difference between blocked, serial and random practice variability using tennis as the example.
Blocked- 50 serves
Serial- 10 forehand, 10 backhand, 10 drop shots
Random- Competitive game against opponent
The energy system with the highest yield of ATP but slowest rate is the
The energy system with the highest yield of ATP but the slowest rate is the aerobic energy system.
Provide an example of a warm up and then explain the associated benefits
The warm up is designed to prepare the body both physiologically and psychologically for the conditioning phase of the training session. A gradual increase in the intensity level of physical activity is performed in order to increase heart rate, blood flow and ultimately the temperature of the muscles to be used. A warm up allows the body to transition from a resting state to meet the higher physiological demands of the conditioning phase of training.
Explain Newton's 3rd Law using diving as the sporting example
Newton’s 3rd Law states that for every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction. In diving, when the diver pushes down on the springboard, the board pushes back up with an equal and opposite force, propelling the diver upward into the air.
Ben is an under-12 AFL footballer who demonstrates effective technique when executing a drop-punt kick during uncontested line drills. His kicks generally hit their intended targets but lack consistency and fluid skill execution.
However, when Ben is involved in match practice, his kicking skills deteriorate significantly.
Name the stage of learning most applicable to Ben’s kicking skills and provide two coaching strategies applicable to this stage of learning.
Ben’s kicking is in the associative stage of learning. Ben needs regular supervised kicking practice, and the coach should assist Ben to understand why he has made a kicking error and help Ben to develop strategies to correct skill errors.
Explain a strategy or technique you could implement as a coach at 1/4 time of an AFL game when you notice your players are over aroused
Controlled breathing which helps manage stress and anxiety by activating the body's relaxation response, which lowers heart rate and blood pressure
Recommended recovery for athlete who has just completed half marathon (21kms) in 2 hours and 11 mins. Temperature for the day was 27c and the run was performed at 2pm.
Post-aerobic exercise, the most effective recovery type is typically active recovery because efforts above steady state will result in an accumulation of metabolic by-products such as H+.
Depending on other factors, such as environmental conditions (heat) and fuel depletion, recovery after
aerobic exercise could also require rehydration, a nutritional approach and/or a cooling strategy.
A short interval training session at 90% HR max., with a work-to-rest ratio of 1:8, would train which energy system?
ATP-PC System
Explain how the adaptation of increased mitochondria stores can help and athlete improve their 200m running time
An increase in mitochondria stores allows the athlete to produce more aerobic energy (ATP) more efficiently. This helps them delay fatigue and maintain a higher intensity for longer during the 200 m run, especially in the later stages, improving their overall time.
Identify and explain the difference between "direct" and "constraints" based approach
The direct approach is a coach-orientated style of coaching where the learning outcomes are prescribed and the learner is given explicit instruction on how and when to perform movement skills. The direct approach encourages skill mastery in isolation prior to taking part in a game.
The constraint-based approach is a discovery-based, learner-orientated model in which coaches guide the learner to technical competence and tactical awareness through the use of small-sided modified games. (Task, Individual or Environmental)
During the 2020 Tokyo Olympic Games, Australian athlete Ariarne Titmus won gold medals in the 200 m and 400 m freestyle swimming events.
Explain why the frequency and use of intrinsic and augmented feedback should have changed as Titmus progressed through the stages of learning.
As Titmus progressed through the stages of learning, her reliance on feedback changed. In the cognitive stage, she relied heavily on frequent augmented feedback from her coach to understand and correct errors. In the associative stage, intrinsic feedback increased as she began recognising how correct technique felt, while augmented feedback became less frequent. By the autonomous stage, Titmus mainly used intrinsic feedback to make small adjustments, with only occasional augmented feedback used to refine performance.
Explain the phrase "accumulation of metabolic by- products"
Metabolic by-products are substances produced as a result of chemical reactions within the body associated with the production of energy for ATP resynthesis. These by-products include lactate, hydrogen ions (H+), inorganic phosphate (Pi) and adenosine diphosphate (ADP).
When exercising at high intensities, metabolic by-products will accumulate, slowing the rate of ATP production and decreasing the force and velocity of muscular contractions.
List all 12 training principles
Progression
Frequency
Intensity
Time
Type
Specificity
Define increased pulmonary diffusion (respiratory adaptation) and explain how it can help a 1500m freestyle swimmer improve their performance
Increased pulmonary diffusion is a respiratory adaptation where the lungs become more efficient at exchanging oxygen and carbon dioxide between the alveoli and the bloodstream. For a 1500m freestyle swimmer, this means more oxygen can enter the blood and more carbon dioxide can be removed during each breath. As a result, the swimmer can sustain a higher aerobic intensity, delay fatigue, and maintain speed throughout the race.