Ions & Oxidation #s
What is an Ion?
An atom that gains or loses electrons and has a positive or negative charge.
What is an isotope?
An atom with a different number of neutrons.
What are the Alkali Metals?
Shiny, soft, highly reactive elements in the 1st group with +1 oxidation number.
What is ionization energy?
The energy reacting to move one electron at a time from an atom.
Large atoms have more electrons which causes the electrons to what?
Causes them to repel each other.
What is a cation?
A positive ion that loses electrons.
Why is the mass on the periodic table a decimal?
It is an average of all isotopes of the element.
What are the Halogens?
Elements that combine with metals to become solids, form acids when combined with hydroxen toxins and have -1 oxidation number.
What type of elements do not lose electrons to become stable?
Non Metals
What is electronegativity?
How much an atom in a molecule attracts eletrons.
What is an anion?
A negative ion that gains electrons.
How is the mass calculated? What is the formula?
RAM= Σ(% of isotope)(atomic mass)/100
What are the Noble Gases?
Elements at the farthest right on the Periodic Table, rarely react to other elements.
What elements have the highest ionization energy?
Helium, Neon and Florine
Do smaller or larger atoms pull electrons?
Smaller
What is the Ocetet Rule?
When 8 electrons fill the s&p orbitals and make the noble gases stable.
What is percent of abundance?
Percent amount of all natural occurring isotopes in an element.
What are the Lanthanides?
Bright silver, very reactive when exposed to air. Has +3 oxidation numbers.
Would removing a second electron require more or less ionization energy? Why?
Less because it is easier to lose an electron than to gain an electron.
What do atoms with high effective nuclear charge want?
They want electrons.
What is an oxidation number?
A number that shows the # of electrons that must be added or removed from an atom in a combined state to convert them into elements.
What is the formula for percent of abundance?
( )( )+( )( )+( )( )/100
What are the Actinides?
Radioactive elements that are very dense and highly electropositive. The oxidation numbers vary.
How does effective nuclear charge affect ionization energy?
When the effective nuclear charge increases, so does the ionization energy.
How does electronic shielding effect electronegativity?
It decreases it.