Group Dynamics
Two or more people who interact with and exert mutual influence on each other
Ex. Team, Class, Family, Job
Define Group Cohesion
A dynamic process that is reflected for a group to stick together and remain united in pursuit of its instrumental objective and/or for the satisfaction of member effective needs
This consists of the set of behaviors required or expected of the person occupying a certain position in a group
Group Roles
Define Leadership
The process whereby an individual influences a group of individuals to achieve a common goal
Successful leaders have certain personality characteristics that make it likely they will be leaders no matter the situation
ex. Intelligence, Assertiveness, Independence, Self-Confidence
Trait Approach
What is a Team?
Any group of people who who interact with each other to accomplish shared objectives
Characteristics- Shared Objectives, Collective sense of identity, Distinctive roles, Structured models of communication, Norms
What are the 2 parts of Cohesion being multidimensional
Task Cohesion- the degree to which members of a group work together to achieve common goals
Social Cohesion- the degree to which members of a group like each and enjoy one another's company
Formal- Coach, Captain, Starter, Manager
(Formal roles are legitimate titles)
Informal- Motivator, Team Cancer, Comedian, Enforcer
The individual relationship between leader and followers
Leader Follower Dyads
Anyone could become a leader by simply learning the behaviors of other effective leaders
Two categories of leadership behavior:
1. Consideration-> ex. Trust and respect (Relationship oriented)
2. Initiating Structure->ex. Setting up rules (Set boundaries)
Behavioral Approach
What are the 3 theories of Group Development
1. Linear: (Forming, Storming, Norming, Performing, Adjourning)
2. Cyclical- Life Cycle (Birth, growth, death)
3. Pendular- ex. Shaq and Kobe
Orientation- New teammates
Differentiation and conflict- Storm
Resolution and Cohesion- Championship
Differentiation and conflict- Storm
Termination- Shaq leave
How can leaders increase or decrease team cohesion?
Decrease- Inequity, embarrassment, ridicule
A level of performance, pattern of behavior, or belief within a team that is either formally or informally established
Group Norms
What are the 2 methods to identify a leader
1. Prescribed Leaders- told you are the leader
2. Emergent Leaders- organically/naturally becomes leader
Effective leadership depends much more on the characteristics of the situation than on the traits and behaviors of the leaders in those situations
Situational Approach
What is the difference between the Ringlemann Effect and Social Loafing?
Ringlemann Effect- Individual performance decreases as the number of people in group increases
Social Loafing- Individuals in a group setting will put forth less effort due to losses in motivation
What are the 4 dimensions of group cohesion?
1. Individual attractions to the group
2. Task individual attractions to the group
3. Social group integration
1. Give examples of Norms for productivity
2. What are social norms?
1. Effort based in practice, calling teammates out if they are not giving effort
2. What is expected of you within a group
What are the 4 leadership styles
1. Autocratic- coaches use independent decision making to solve problem
2. Democratic- athletes participate in decision making
3. Consultative-individual- consults player individual then makes decision
4. Consulatative-group- consults group then makes decisionWhat do leaders do?
Create a vision
Motivate others
Create structure
Generate trust
Develop other leaders
Make decisions
Give feedback
Develop relationships
How do you reduce Social Loafing?
Emphasize pride and unique contribution
Increase identifiability of individual performance
Identify potential loafing situations
Conducts meetings
Diversify player's positions
Put team into smaller units
What are some ways coaches and group members can enhance cohesion?
Coaches
Communicate effectively
Clarify player roles
Develop pride
Set challenging group goals
Create group identity
Minimize cliques
Prioritize player retention
Host team meetings
Increase team efficacy
Know team climate
Group Members
Get to know members
Offer help/support
Give positive reinforcement
Be responsible
Communicate honestly
Work to resolve conflicts
Give high effort always
1. People understanding defined roles
2. Accepting your role
3. Having more than one role. These roles conflict one another, can't do both at same time. 2 people think they have same role1. Role Clarity
2. Role Acceptance3. Role Conflict
What is the difference between Transformational, Laissez-Faire, and Transactional Leaders
Transformational- inspire people to follow collective vision and supportively work with each other to excel (inspire, empower, support)
Laissez-Faire- Avoidance, disengagement, failing to intervene
Transactional- series of exchanges to get followers, use of rewards and recognition
What are the 2 functions of a leader?
1. Ensure demands of organization (team) are satisfied
2. Ensure the needs of the group are satisfied