Latin American Independence
The Beginnings of Industrialization
Industrialization
Industrialization Spreads
Reforming the Industrial World
100

Born in Spain, these colonists sat at the very top of society and held the top government and church jobs.

Peninsulares

100

This is the process of developing machine production of goods.

Industrialization

100

The growth of cities and the movement of people into them is called...

Urbanization

100

Tension grew between the middle and working classes because owners grew richer while workers faced this.

Stock

100

This economic policy lets business owners set conditions without government interference.

laissez-faire

200

Miguel Hidalgo and José María Morelos both held this religious job.

Priests

200

He found a way to make the steam engine work faster and more efficiently.

James Watt

200

After 1800, many people moved from the countryside to cities for this reason.

Factory jobs were located there

200

Any business owned by stockholders is called this.

Corporation

200

This is a group of workers who gather to push for reforms and negotiations.

Unions

300

Brazil won its independence from Portugal in 1822 in this manner.

Peacefully, no war/bloodshed

300

This man improved it and opened the world's first railroad line.

George Stephenson

300

Tension grew between the middle and working classes because owners grew richer while workers faced this.

Poverty/loss of livlihoods

300

Austria-Hungary failed to industrialize in this period because of this feature of its landscape.

Mountains that prevented railroads

300

This thinker would support a hands-off government because competition and supply and demand guide the economy.

Adam Smith

400

After Toussaint L'Ouverture's death, this man declared Haiti free from French rule in January 1804.

Jean-Jacques Dessalines

400

Compared to the old three-field system, the Norfolk Four-Course System had this main advantage.

It kept all land in use while different crops restored nutrients and fed animals

400

Unskilled workers who lost their livelihoods to machines attacked factories in protest. This was their name.

Luddites

400

This was the first country in Europe to adopt Britain's new technology, thanks to iron/coal deposits and waterways.

Belgium

400

The Factory Act of 1833, the Mines Act, and the Ten Hours Act all shared this purpose.

Limit hours & types of work to women/children

500

Bolívar and San Martín never combined armies because they clashed over Peru's future: San Martín wanted this kind of government, while Bolívar demanded this one.

San Martin wanted monarchy ; Bolivar wanted republic

500

What are 3 factors that explain why the Industrial Revolution began in England (we discussed 5 in total)?

Large population, coal/iron, overseas trade, banking system, and political stability

500

Name 5 positives of the Industrial Revolution according to the notes.

- Created jobs

- Increased wealth of the nation (for some)

- Created technological advances/innovations

- Increased production of goods

- Increased standard of living (for some)

- Increased access to better foods, cheaper clothing, housing

- Increased educational opportunities (high demand for engineers/professionals)

500

Industrialized countries used nonindustrialized countries as markets, widening the wealth gap. This is the link between industrialization and this.

Imperialism

500

Bentham wanted people free from government interference, but John Stuart Mill wanted government involved in reforms like these three things...

Women's rights, prison, education