Cell Theory
What is the basic unit of life?
Cell
What structure do eukaryotic cells have that prokaryotic cells do not?
Nucleus
What organelle makes proteins?
Ribosome
What structure controls what enters and leaves a cell?
Cell membrane
What type of solution causes a cell to gain water and swell?
Hypotonic
What two structures best identify a plant cell?
Cell wall and chloroplasts
According to cell theory, all cells come from what?
Preexisting cells
Where is DNA located in a prokaryotic cell?
Nucleoid region
What organelle is mainly used for storage?
Vacuole
What type of transport does not require cellular energy?
Passive transport
What type of solution causes a cell to lose water and shrink?
Hypertonic
What organelle allows plant cells to perform photosynthesis?
Chloroplast
What are the three principles of modern cell theory?
All living things are made of cells; the cell is the basic unit of life; all cells come from preexisting cells.
Give two differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.
Prokaryotes lack a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles; eukaryotes have them.
What organelle modifies, packages, and distributes cell products?
Golgi apparatus
During passive transport, particles generally move from ______ concentration to ______ concentration.
High → low
What happens to water movement in an isotonic solution?
Water movement is balanced.
Which type of cell has a cell wall, chloroplasts, nucleus, and large vacuole?
Plant cell
Redi observed that maggots appeared on meat only when flies could reach it. Which principle of cell theory does this support?
Cells/living organisms come from preexisting cells/life.
A cell has DNA, ribosomes, a cell membrane, and a cell wall but no nucleus. What type of cell is it?
Prokaryotic cell
What organelle converts energy from glucose into usable cellular energy?
Mitochondria
What is the movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane called?
Osmosis
A red blood cell is placed in a solution and begins to shrink. What happened?
Water moved out of the cell because it was in a hypertonic solution.
Which structures are found in both plant and animal cells but not prokaryotic cells: mitochondria or ribosomes?
Mitochondria
Explain how new evidence can affect a scientific theory.
New evidence can support or cause a scientific theory to be modified.
What structure in a eukaryotic cell most clearly separates it from a prokaryotic cell?
Nucleus
A cell is not producing enough ATP. Which organelle should a treatment target, and why?
Mitochondria because they convert energy from glucose into ATP.
Particles move across a membrane from high concentration to low concentration. Is this active or passive transport, and does it require cellular energy?
Passive transport; no cellular energy is required.
A cell is placed in a solution. Water moves out and the cell becomes smaller. Identify the solution and explain the movement using osmosis.
Hypertonic; water moves out of the cell by osmosis, causing it to shrink.
A cell contains a nucleus, mitochondria, and ribosomes but does not contain chloroplasts or a cell wall. What type of cell is it?
Animal cell