Misc.
Collisions between gas particles and between particles and container walls are ______________.
Elastic Collisions
Usually solid, consisting of atoms or molecules bonded by intermolecular forces.
Weak bonds, Low melting points, poor thermal/electrical conductivity
Molecular solid
This law states that the percentage of a gas in a mixture is equal to the percentage of total pressure it exerts.
Law of Partial Pressures
What are intermolecular forces?
Intermolecular forces are the forces of attraction or repulsion which act between neighboring particles (atoms, molecules, or ions).
This is the change from liquid to gas when vapor pressure equals atmospheric pressure.
evaporation
Beer-Lambert Formula & Use
A=Elc
relationship between concentration and the absorbance of the solution, enables the concentration of a solution to be calculated by measuring its absorbance.
When do hydrogen bonds occur?
These occur between polar covalent molecules that possess a hydrogen atom bonded to an extreme electronegative element (N, O, F)
A gas occupies 12.3L at 40.0 mmHg. What is the new volume at 60.0 mmHg?
8.20 L
Boyles
What happens to the LDFs when the molecule is bigger?
During this phase change, the most energetic molecules will escape their liquid form and turn to gas. It occurs at any temperature.
Boiling
A gas that does not behave completely according to the assumptions of the kinetic molecular theory
Real Gas
When do dipole-dipole forces occur?
Between polar molecules.
They occur when the slightly positive end of one polar molecule is attracted to the slightly negative end of another polar molecule.
5.00 liters of a gas have a temperature of 250.0 Kelvin. If the previous temperature was 300.0 Kelvin what was its volume?
6.00L
Charles'
What are three types of intermolecular forces from strongest to least strongest?
Hydrogen Bonding > Dipole-dipole > LDFs
This is when a substance changes directly to a solid from a gas.
Deposition
A technique for separating the components of mixture.
Chromatography
Consist entirely of metal atoms, have high melting points, show good electrical and thermal conductivity.
metallic solid
A small research submarine with a volume of 1.2 x 105 L has an internal pressure of 1.0 atm and an internal temperature of 15° C. If the submarine descends to a depth where the pressure is 150 atm and the temperature is 3° C, what will the volume of the gas inside be if the hull of the submarine breaks?
x=767L
Combined
Based on the following information: CF4, Molecular Weight 87.99, Normal Boiling Point -182°C CCl4, Molecular Weight 153.8, Normal Boiling Point -123°C The intermolecular forces of attraction in the above substances is described by which of the following:
Dispersion forces
This is when a solid turns directly into a vapor.
Sublimation
The total volume of oxygen that can be obtained from a particular tank at 1.00 atm and 21 degrees Celsius is 785 L. What would be this volume of oxygen if the temperature had been 28 degrees Celsius?
804L
Charles'
What effect does H-bonding have on the properties of the substance?
Hydrogen bonding leads to substantial increases in physical properties such as the expected boiling/melting points.
What is the total pressure (in atm) of a mixture of two gases with partial pressures of 760mmHg (gas A) and 1.3 atm (gas B)?
2.3 atm
Ideal
The boiling point of CH4 is much lower than that of HF. This is because:
Of hydrogen bonding in HF
Certain gases, such as hydrogen, can only be solidified under (high/low) temperature and (high/low) pressure.
low / high