Target 1 - Properties of Water
What is the range for acids on the pH scale and what is an example of an acid?
0-6.9
What must be present for a compound to be considered organic?
Carbon
What is another name for an enzyme?
Catalyst
What are the 6 major elements found in living organisms?
1. Carbon
2. Hydrogen
3. Nitrogen
4. Oxygen
5. Phosphorus
6. Sulfur
What is the range for bases on the pH scale and what is an example of a base?
7.1-14
Protein:
Monomer -
Polymer -
Examples (2) -
Protein:
Monomer - amino acid
Polymer - polypeptide
Examples (2) - hemoglobin, albumin, insulin
List 3 functions of a protein:
1.
2.
3.
List 3 functions of a protein:
1. transport
2. structure
3. messenger
What is an enzyme (macromolecule) and what does it do?
Protein
It helps to speed up chemical reactions
Which macromolecule stores the most energy?
Lipid
It can dissolve so many substances because it is a polar molecule. The charges of the water pull apart other charged molecules and help them to dissolve them.
Lipid:
Monomer -
Polymer -
Examples (2) -
Lipids:
Monomer - fatty acid
Polymer - triglyceride
Examples (2) - steroids, oils, waxes
List 3 functions of a lipid:
1.
2.
3.
List 3 functions of a lipid:
1. long term energy storage
2. insulation
3. structural
How can enzymes be denatured?
1.
2.
3.
1. High temperature
2. High/Low pH
3. High salinity (salt concentration)
What is activation energy?
The amount of energy needed for a reaction to begin.
Why does it take water so long to change temperature?
Water has a high specific heat, so it takes a lot of energy to change the temperature of water 1 degree Celsius.
Carbohydrate:
Monomer -
Polymer -
Examples (2) -
Carbohydrate:
Monomer - monosaccharide
Polymer - disaccharide or polysaccharide
Examples (2) - Glucose & Fructose
List 2 functions of a carbohydrate:
1.
2.
List 3 functions of a carbohydrate:
1. short term energy storage
2. provide energy
How is activation energy affected when an enzyme is introduced to the reaction?
When the enzyme is introduced, the amount of energy needed for the reaction to occur lessens, therefore the activation energy is lower.
What does it mean by optimal pH?
That is the pH where the enzyme works to catalyze the reaction the fastest.
How does a plant moving water up from the roots through the rest of the plant demonstrate capillary action?
Adhesion allows the water molecules to stick to the molecules of the plant while cohesion allows the water molecules to stick to the other water molecules to climb up the plant. This is capillary action.
Nucleic Acid:
Monomer -
Polymer -
Examples (2) -
Nucleic Acid:
Monomer - nucleotide
Polymer - DNA & RNA
Examples (2) - DNA & RNA
List the main function functions of a nucleic acid:
1.
List the main function of a nucleic acid:
1. store genetic information
What does it mean when enzymes are explained as a lock & key?
Enzymes are specifically made for a specific chemical reaction. Substrates fit into the enzyme almost perfectly so that the enzyme can catalyze the reaction on the specific substrate. They fit together like a lock & key.
What happens when the enzyme reaches the optimal pH?
The reaction will occur fastest at that pH.