production of proteins
Process that begins in the nucleus, results in the production of a molecule of RNA from DNA.
transcription
units of hereditary information
genes
almost all the genes in a eukaryotic cell are found on _____, located in the nucleus.
Chromosomes
life of a cell; includes different stages including interphase and mitosis
cell cycle
disease caused by mutations that allow cells to pass checkpoints in the cell cycle even though the cell is damaged
cancer
process through which a molecule of mRNA is used to produce a molecule of protein
translation
alternate forms of a particular gene is called a(n) _____
allele
the genetic material that organisms inherit from their parents, is unique to each person
DNA
type of asexual reproduction in eukaryotic cells; produced 2 genetically identical daughter cells
mitosis
term describing shedding or spreading of cancer cells to other parts of the body
metastasize
set of 3 nucleotides, encodes one amino acid
codon
two alleles for a gene that may be IDENTICAL
homozygous
the DNA and protein form a package that is called ____
chromatin
most of a cell's lifetime is spent in this phase, where the cell performs its normal functions
interphase
term used to describe a tumor or mass that has metastasized
malignant
binds to the codon of mRNA
anticodon
two alleles for a gene that may be DIFFERENT
heterozygous
two identical copies of a chromosome produced after DNA replication; attached at the centromere; separate during anaphase of mitosis
sister chromatids
happens near the end of interphase, this is when the cell duplicates each chromosome.
chromosome duplication
cancer treatment that halts mitosis throughout the body, produces side effects including hair loss, fatigue, compromised immune system
chemotherapy
cellular structures that perform the translation of mRNA polynucleotides into amino acid polypeptides
ribosomes
1) observable traits 2) underlying genetic makeup
1) phenotype 2) genotype
the area where 2 sister chromatids are held together
centromere
cellular reproduction involving one parent; offspring are genetically identical to the parent and to each other
asexual reproduction
type of gene caused by a mutation that produces proteins that fail to regulate the cell cycle
oncogene