Colonial Resistance to British Policies
this 1763 royal order prohibited American colonists from settling west of the Appalachian Mountains following the French and Indian War.
What is the Proclamation of 1763?
He was the primary author of the Declaration of Independence adopted by the Second Continental Congress on July 4, 1776
Who is Thomas Jefferson?
This 1786–1787 rebellion of armed, indebted Massachusetts farmers exposed the military and financial weakness of the Articles of Confederation.
What is Shays' Rebellion?
This political group supported ratifying the U.S. Constitution and favored a strong national central government.
Who are The Federalists?
This 1777 battle is widely considered the military turning point of the Revolution because it convinced France to enter a military alliance with America.
What is The Battle of Saratoga?
this passed in 1765, what direct parliamentary tax required colonists to pay a tax on all newspapers, legal documents, pamphlets, and playing cards
What is the Stamp Act?
this was published in January 1776, what best-selling pamphlet by Thomas Paine argued in plain language for complete independence from Great Britain.
What is Common Sense?
he was known as the "Father of the Constitution," who arrived at the 1787 Philadelphia Convention with a detailed plan for a strong national government.
Who is James Madison?
This key addition the Anti-Federalists demanded be added to the Constitution before they agreed to ratify the new document.
What are The Bill of Rights (the first 10 amendments)?
In his 1796 Farewell Address, what TWO major dangers did George Washington explicitly warn the American public against.
What are Permanent foreign military alliances and political parties/factions?
this person organized the Sons of Liberty in Boston to protest British taxation, direct non-importation boycotts, and lead colonial opposition
Who was Samuel Adams?
This English Enlightenment philosopher influenced Thomas Jefferson's writing on "natural rights" (life, liberty, pursuit of happiness) and the social contract?
Who is John Locke?
The Great Compromise resolved the representation debate between large and small states by combining which two state plans.
What is The Virginia Plan (large state) and the New Jersey Plan (small state)?
The THREE authors of The Federalist Papers, written to persuade voters in New York to ratify the Constitution.
Who were Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay?
This 1803 Supreme Court case under Chief Justice John Marshall established the principle of Judicial Review.
What is Marbury v. Madison?
this inter-colonial communication network was established by Samuel Adams to coordinate resistance across all 13 colonies against British policy?
What is The Committees of Correspondence?
This July 1775 petition sent by the Second Continental Congress represented a final attempt to reconcile with King George III, only to be rejected
What is The Olive Branch Petition?
How did the Constitutional Convention compromise on counting enslaved individuals for state population and taxation purposes.
What is the Three-Fifths Compromise (slaves counted as 3/5 of a person, though they could not vote)?
which constitutional interpretation did Alexander Hamilton use to justify create the National Bank (BUS), and what clause supported it?
What is Loose Construction and the "Necessary and Proper"/Elastic Clause?
This major land deal in 1803 doubled the size of the United States for $15 million under President Thomas Jefferson.
What is The Louisiana Purchase?
Name TWO of the four specific provisions of the Coercive (Intolerable) Acts of 1774 passed to punish Massachusetts after the Boston Tea Party.
What is Closing Boston Harbor, canceling the Massachusetts charter/town meetings, forcing quartering of soldiers, or requiring royal officials to be tried in Britain?
Historian Howard Zinn argued that upper-class colonial leaders used the Declaration of Independence for this political purpose regarding class conflict
What is to unite lower and upper classes against a common British enemy while avoiding internal class conflict?
Name TWO key achievements of the national government under the Articles of Confederation regarding western land settlement.
What are The Land Ordinance of 1785 and the Northwest Ordinance of 1787 (setting up public schools, land sales, admissions of new states, and banning slavery in the Old Northwest)?
these resolutions were authored secretly by Jefferson and Madison, and argued that individual states had the right to nullify unconstitutional federal laws like the Alien & Sedition Acts.
What are The Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions?
Thomas Jefferson passed this unpopular economic law in 1807 to avoid war with Britain and France, which ended up severely damaging the U.S. shipping economy.
What is The Embargo Act of 1807?