Outermost boundary of cells (all cells besides plant cells)
What is the cell membrane
100
Function of chlorophyll (what is its purpose?).
What is to absorb light energy.
100
One advantage of asexual reproduction.
What is faster OR high reproduction rate.
100
Phase in which chromatids separate to become individual chromosomes.
What is anaphase
100
Cells specialize into specific types though this process.
What is differentiation.
200
A hypotonic solution means it is a ____(higher/lower) concentration outside the cell (compared to inside).
What is lower.
200
WHY is phosphate added to ADP?
What is to store energy (making bonds (form ATP) stores energy, which can later be released by breaking that bond).
200
Phase of the cell cycle where the cell is undergoing normal cellular activities, synthesizing DNA, and preparing for division.
What is interphase
200
Two new cells were not formed (the cytoplasm did not split). There was an error during ______.
Cytokinesis
200
Type of stem cell that can be made to "act" like an embryonic stem cell even though it was formed by an adult stem cell.
What is an induced pluripotent stem cell (iPS).
300
Movement of molecules through membrane proteins that requires energy.
What is active transport
300
Products of photosynthesis
What is glucose & oxygen (O2)
300
Chromosomes are copied during this phase.
What is S phase
300
The phase in which the nuclear envelope reforms to create two new nuclei
Telophase
300
When a tumor has spread to surrounding tissues it is called this.
What is malignant tumor.
400
Solutes like oxygen pass through the membrane from high to low concentration through this process.
What is simple diffusion.
400
Process that converts food energy into usable energy.
What is cellular respiration.
400
The two limits on cell size
Nuclear control (control by the nucleus).
Surface to volume ratio (want it to be small).
400
3 different "potentials" between stem cells. (double points if you list them in order from most to least potential)
What is totipotent (embryonic)
pluripotent (blastula)
multipotent (adult)
400
Name two cells that never divide (or rarely divide)?
Nerve cells (brain and spinal cord), heart cells.
This is why if these cells are injured, they will not replace themselves--because they do not divide!
500
A cell is placed in a very salty solution. This is called a _____ solution and water will move __________
What is hypertonic solution;
water will move out of the cell (cell volume shrinks)
OR water moves from low solute concentration to high solute concentration (to dilute the salt)
500
In what circumstances will cells do lactic acid fermentation?
Muscle cells when they cannot do aerobic respiration fast enough.
500
What would happen from an error when DNA is copied?
It would get passed to all daughter cells.
500
Mutations in this gene can cause cancer (there are multiple answers, just give 1).
What are any of the following: growth factors, tumor suppressors, proto-oncogenes, p53.
500
Why is uncontrolled cell growth a problem? (don't just say "cancer").
Squeezes normal cells so they cannot perform their job
OR normal cells do not have space to divide OR die.
OR normal cells cannot get enough nutrients.