Topic 3.1 - 3.2 Enzyme Structure & Catalysis
Topic 3.3 Environmental Impacts on Enzymes
Topic 3.4 Cellular Energy
Topic 3.5 Photosynthesis
Topic 3.6 Cellular Respiration
100
What is the function of an enzyme?
To speed up a chemical reaction by lowering the activation energy for a specific reaction
100
What will happen to an enzyme if it is heated above its optimal temperature?
probably denatures
100
What is the cell's main source of energy to power cellular work?
ATP
100
What is the biochemical equation for photosynthesis?
6 CO2 + 6 H2O + light energy → 1 C6H12O6 + 6 O2
100
What is another name for the citric acid cycle?
Krebs cycle
200
An enzyme is classified as which of the four macromolecules?
proteins
200
Define denaturation.
the loss of an enzyme's or protein's original structure
200
Define metabolism.
the sum of all chemical reactions occurring in a cell or organism
200
What are the two stages of photosynthesis?
Light dependent reactions (light reactions)
Light independent reactions (Calvin cycle)
200
What are the 3 main stages of aerobic cellular respiration?
Glycolysis
Citric acid cycle
Oxidative phosphorylation (ETC and chemiosmosis)
300
What is the name for the part of an enzyme that interacts with a specific substrate molecule?
active site
300
Define negative feedback inhibition.
the product of a catalyzed reaction prevents the reaction from continuing to occur
300
Describe how ATP is recycled or cycled in the cell.
a phosphate group is added to ADP (endergonic)
a phosphate group is broken off ATP (exergonic)
300
Where do the light reactions take place?
thylakoid membrane
300
What is the main purpose of aerobic respiration?
to generate ATP
400
Describe how enzymes work.
position two substrates so they align perfectly for the reaction
provide an optimal environment, i.e. acidic or polar, within the active site for the reaction to occur
contort/stress the substrate so it is less stable and more likely to react
temporarily react with the substrate (chemically change it) making the substrate less stable and more likely to react
400
Which enzyme is more likely to be found in the stomach?
Enzyme A
400
Why do chemical reactions within the cell occur in many, small steps instead of one big reaction?
allows the cell to efficiently capture the energy to do cell work
400
Where do the light independent reactions take place?
stroma
400
What is the main purpose of anaerobic respiration?
to regenerate the electron carrier NAD+ for use in glycolysis
500
An enzyme is specific to the substrate it binds. Identify 2 ways in which the enzyme accomplishes this.
the enzyme's active site matches the shape/size and chemical properties (i.e. charge, hydrophobic, pH, etc) of the substrate
500
Describe the difference between a competitive and noncompetitive inhibitor.
Competitive inhibitor binds to the active site of the enzyme, competing with the substrate.
Noncompetitive inhibitors bind to another area other than the active site, making the active site less effective in binding substrate
500
Provide an example of a catabolic reaction.
Cellular respiration
500
What is the main goal of the light dependent reactions?
to convert light energy into chemical energy (ATP and NADPH)
500
How many ATP are produced through aerobic respiration?
32 - 34 ATP
600
When an enzyme binds to its substrate, what happens to the enzyme?
changes shape, but goes back to its original shape when it releases the product
600
Name the 5 factors that affect enzyme rate and efficiency.
Temperature
pH
Substrate concentration
Product concentration
Enzyme concentration
Presence of inhibitors
600
Provide an example of an anabolic reaction.
Photosynthesis
600
What is the main goal of the light independent reactions?
to use stored chemical energy (ATP and NADPH) to "fix" CO2 and create a product (G3P) that can be convert into glucose
600
What must occur before any form of respiration (aerobic or anaerobic) can happen?
Glycolysis (breaks glucose into 2 pyruvate molecules)