The Carbon Cycle
This gas is released by animals during respiration and taken in by plants during photosynthesis.
Carbon dioxide (CO₂)
The organelle where photosynthesis takes place (in plants).
Chloroplast
The organelle where aerobic respiration happens (in eukaryotic cells).
Mitochondria
Anaerobic means ____________.
Without oxygen.
What energy source powers photosynthesis?
The sun.
Name at least one reactant in photosynthesis.
CO₂, water, sunlight
A process that burns fossil fuels and releases large amounts of CO₂ into the atmosphere.
Combustion
The green pigment (in the chloroplast) that absorbs sunlight during photosynthesis.
Chlorophyll
This molecule is the main energy currency of the cell.
Fermentation happens when this important gas is not available.
Oxygen.
How does ATP release energy?
By releasing one phosphate group and becoming ADP.
Name at least one product of cellular respiration.
ATP, CO₂, water
Human activity that increases CO₂ the most—name one specific example (multiple are accepted).
Examples: burning fossil fuels, deforestation, driving cars, industrial emissions, agriculture, other.
The main sugar molecule made during photosynthesis.
Glucose (C₆H₁₂O₆)
Aerobic respiration requires this gas (as a reactant).
Oxygen
The type of fermentation that produces ethanol and CO₂ in yeast. (Hint think of another name for ethanol)
Alcoholic fermentation.
What gas primarily filled the balloon during our yeast cellular respiration experiment?
Carbon dioxide (CO₂)
The following formula best represents which biological process:
C6H12O6+O2→CO2+H2O+ATP
A) Photosynthesis
B) Lactic acid fermentation
C) Anaerobic Cellular Respiration
D)Aerobic Cellular Respiration?
D) Aerobic Cellular Respiration
A natural process (done by bacteria, worms, and fungi) that breaks down dead organisms and returns carbon to the soil and air.
Decomposition
This natural process removes carbon dioxide from the atmosphere—name the process.
Photosynthesis.
Compare the energy output: aerobic respiration makes more or less ATP than anaerobic respiration.
Aerobic respiration makes much more ~28-38 ATP (per molecule of glucose) vs ~2 ATP (per molecule glucose in anaerobic respiration)
The type of fermentation that occurs in human muscle cells when there is not enough oxygen to do the work they are carrying out.
How do photosynthesis and respiration cycle energy and carbon through ecosystems?
Photosynthesis captures energy & removes CO₂; respiration releases energy & returns CO₂.
Given its chemical formula explain why the name "carbon dioxide" makes sense. (Must include 3 parts)
Carbon: This part of the name indicates the presence of one carbon atom in the formula.
Di: The Greek prefix meaning "two". It is used here to denote that there are two atoms of the second element.
oxide: This suffix indicates the presence of oxygen atoms
A carbon sink stores carbon (e.g., forests, soil, etc). A carbon source does this.
Releases carbon / adds carbon to the atmosphere (usually in the form of carbon dioxide)
Example: cellular respiration releases carbon dioxide into the atmosphere.
State the overall goal of photosynthesis (not the equation).
To make food (or chemical energy) for the plant to later convert into ATP.
Note: answers "to make oxygen" will be considered incorrect.
Another name for anaerobic cellular respiration is ___________________.
Fermentation.
Some fermented foods like yogurt have a lot of lactic acid in them, but little to no alcohol. Based on this information the type of fermentation being done to create these foods is more similar to humans or yeast? Explain.
It is more similar to humans, because humans also do lactic acid fermentation (like the bacteria used to produce yogurt lactobacillus).
Explain how the energy an athlete uses to run a 100 meter dash was once energy from the sun. Your answer should include multiple steps.
Simplified version: Sunlight → makes glucose in plants → organisms break glucose to make ATP → athlete eats both these plants and organisms that eat plants to get energy to play in the game.
Fill in the two blanks to complete the formula for photosynthesis:
______+ H2O + Sun → C6H12O6 + ________
blank 1 = carbon dioxide
blank 2 = oxygen