Nucleic Acids
DNA Replication
Transcription
Translation
Mutations
100
What are the two types of nucleic acids found in all living things?
DNA and RNA
100
Where does replication happen within a cell?
Nucleus
100
Where does transcription happen within a cell?
Nucleus
100
Where does translation happen within a cell?
Ribosome
100
What is one thing that can cause a mutation in DNA?
Replication error
Sunlight/radiation
Chemicals
Spontaneous mutations
200
What are the 5 nitrogenous bases? (Abbreviations are fine).
A T C G U
200
What are the beginning and end products of one round of replication?
One double-stranded DNA
Two identical double-stranded DNA
200
What are the beginning and end products of one round of transcription?
One double-stranded DNA
One double-stranded DNA and one single-stranded mRNA
200
What are the beginning and end products of one round of translation?
One single-stranded mRNA
Amino acid chain/completed protein
200
What kind of mutation does not result in a change of amino acid?
Silent mutation
300
What are the three parts of a nucleotide?
Sugar
Phosphate
Nitrogenous Base
300
Write the complementary strand for this DNA molecule:
AGTGTCATAC
AGTGTCATAC
TCACAGTATG
300
What mRNA strand would be made from this template strand?
GTCAGTTGC
GTCAGTTGC
CAGUCAACG
300
What amino acid sequence would be constructed from this mRNA strand?
UCGAGUACC
UCGAGUACC
Ser-Ser-Thr
300
What are the two types of frameshift mutations?
Insertion
Deletion
400
Describe the double helix model of DNA, including the 2 major types of bonds found.
Nucleotides are connected along the sugar-phosphate backbone and are hydrogen bonded between base pairs.
400
What major enzyme facilitates replication?
DNA polymerase
400
What major enzyme facilitates transcription?
RNA polymerase
400
What is a codon?
A group of 3 nucleotides that codes for a specific amino acid.
400
What are two possible results of DNA mutation?
Cell death
No result (silent)
Change in protein produced, can have altered function or total loss of function
500
What are 3 differences between DNA and RNA?
Double vs. single stranded
Deoxyribose vs. ribose
Thymine vs. uracil
500
A DNA molecule contains 180 bases. 18 of these are adenine. What percentage of the bases are guanine?
40%
500
What is the difference between mRNA and tRNA?
mRNA is transcribed from DNA and carries the information to a ribosome to be translated.
tRNA carries amino acids to the ribosome during translation.
500
What amino acid sequence is made from this DNA coding strand?
AAT TGC CGA
Coding DNA: AAT TGC CGA
mRNA: AAU UGC CGA
AA: Asn-Cys-Arg
500
What is the significance of a frameshift mutation?
It completing shifts the reading frame, changing all amino acids from that point forward. This completely changes the protein, making it nonfunctional.