States of Consciousness
Awareness of ourselves and our environment.
What is consciousness?
The recurring images, thoughts, and emotions experienced during sleep.
What are dreams?
Persistent problems falling or staying asleep.
What is insomnia?
Drugs that slow down the central nervous system.
What are depressants?
A social interaction in which a person responds to suggestions with changes in perception or behavior.
What is hypnosis?
The biological clock that regulates the sleep–wake cycle.
What is the circadian rhythm?
Hypnagogic sensations, brief sensory experiences—such as the feeling of falling, floating, or seeing flashes of light—occur during this stage of sleep.
What is wakefulness to sleep (Stage 1 NREM)?
A disorder in which breathing repeatedly stops during sleep.
What is sleep apnea?
Drugs that increase alertness and energy.
What are stimulants?
A state of focused awareness often used to increase relaxation.
What is meditation?
The stage of sleep where vivid dreams most often occur.
What is REM sleep?
Considered the father of modern psychology, this psychologist believed dreams revealed our unconscious desires and wishes.
Why is Sigmund Freud?
Sudden attacks of overwhelming sleepiness during the day.
What is narcolepsy?
Drugs that distort perception and evoke sensory images.
What are hallucinogens?
The theory that hypnosis involves a divided state of consciousness.
What is dissociation theory?
Focusing awareness on a narrow range of stimuli while ignoring others.
What is selective attention?
The theory that sleep protected early humans from danger at night.
What is the adaptive (evolutionary) theory?
Acting out dreams due to lack of muscle paralysis during REM sleep.
What is REM sleep behavior disorder?
The neurotransmitter most strongly associated with addiction and reward.
What is dopamine?
The theory of hypnosis that assumes that people who are hypnotized are not in an altered state but are merely playing the role expected of them in the situation.
The automatic and unconscious processing of information that occurs without deliberate attention or awareness, influencing perceptions, judgments, and behavior.
What is implicit processing?
This theory of dreaming proposes that dreams occur when the brain attempts to make sense of random neural activity in the brainstem during REM sleep.
What is the activation-synthesis theory?
Sleepwalking most commonly occurs during this stage of sleep.
What is NREM-3 (deep sleep)?
The uncomfortable symptoms that occur when a person stops using a drug.
What is withdrawal?
This state of consciousness occurs when a person becomes completely absorbed in a challenging but achievable task, often losing track of time and outside distractions.
What is a flow state?