The total knowledge, attitudes, and habitual behavior patterns shared by society members
What is Culture
100
States that early speakers of Proto-Indo-European spread from east to west on horseback
What is the conquest theory
100
A set of sounds, combination of sounds, and symbols that are used for communication
What is a language
100
The adoption of cultural traits, such as language, by one group under the influence of another
What is custom adoption
100
Countries in which more than one language is spoken
What are multilingual states
200
Local or regional characteristics of a language
What is dialect
200
States the Indo-European languages that arose from Proto-Indo-European were first carried eastward into Southwest Asia
What is the dispersal hypothesis
200
The variant of a language that a country’s political and intellectual elite seek to promote as the norm for use in schools, government, the media, and other aspects of a public life
What is a standard langauge
200
Always spreads through hierarchical diffusion
What is pop culture
200
When parts of two or more languages are combined in a simplified structure and vocabulary
What is a pidgin language
300
A group of languages with a shared but fairly distant origin
What is a language family
300
Says that some societies held out and their language did not change
What is the agricultural theory
300
A language without any native speakers
What is an extinct language
300
Affects effect a small, homogenous group of people
What is folk culture
300
A geographic boundary within a particular linguistic feature occurs
What is an isogloss
400
A place name
What is a toponym
400
Said the Proto-Indo-European language spread to Southwest Asia, around the Caspian Sea, across the Russian-Ukrainian plains, and into the Balkans
What is the dispersal hypothesis
400
The language used most commonly around the world; defined on the basis of either the number of speakers of the language, or the prevalence of use in commerce and trade
What is a global language
400
The idea of reinvigorating or reviving a local culture in a new place
What is neolocalism
400
A slight change in a word across languages within a sub-family or through a language family
What is a sound shift
500
A language that began as a pidgin language but was later adopted as the mother tongue by a people in place of the mother tongue
What is a creole language
500
They proposed that for every generation (25 years) the agricultural frontier moved approximately 11 miles
Who were Luca Cavalli-Sforza and Albert Ammerman
500
The collapsing of two languages into one resulting from the consistent spatial interaction of the peoples with different languages
What is language convergence
500
When an idea or culture trait spreads outward from the hearth
What is expansion diffusion
500
A “common language” or a language used among speakers of different languages for the purposes of trade and commerce