Culture & Identity
What type of culture includes physical objects created by a society, such as clothing, builidings, and tools?
Material culture
What term describes the emotional connection or menaing people associate with a particular location?
Sense of place
What is a common language used between people who speak different native languages?
Lingua Franca
What is the term for a place where a particular culture or cultural trait originally developed?
Culture hearth
What term describes how improvements in transportation and communication make distant places feel closer by reducing travel and interaction time?
Time-space convergence
What type of culture is typically associated with smaller, rural communities and traditions passed down through generations?
Local/folk culture
What term describes places around the world becoming increasingly similar in appearance and losing their unique cultural identity?
Placelessness
What is a simplified language that develops when groups without a common language need to communicate?
Pidgin
Judaism, Christianity, and Islam all originated in which general world region?
Middle East
What hypothesis suggests that globalization causes cultures around the world to become more alike?
Convergence hypothesis
What is the term for switching between languages or ways of speaking depending on the social situation?
Code switching
What concept describes how a landscape reflects the different groups and cultures that have occupied it over time?
Sequent occupance
What is a language that develops when a pidgin becomes the first language of a community?
Creole language
Which two religions originated in the Indian subcontinent: one emphasizing moksha and the other emphasizing nirvana?
Hinduism and Buddhism
What term describes when a global company adapts its products or services to fit the culture of a local market?
Glocalization
What approach judges another culture based on the standards and values of one's own culture?
Ethnocentric approach
A community creates public art, holds cultural festivals, and improves its parks to make residents feel connected to their town. What is this process called?
Placemaking
What term describes when one country establishes control over another territory and its people, often spreading its language and culture?
Colonialism
What type of diffusion occurs when a cultural idea spreads from people in positions of authority or influence to others?
Hierarchical diffusion
A family moves to a new country. Over several generations, the family loses most of its original cultural traditions and adopts the dominant culture. What process does this describe?
Assimilation
A cultural group begins adopting the language, clothing, and food of the dominant culture but continues practicing its own religion and traditions.
Acculturation
Explain how the same cultural identity can act as both a centripteal and centrifugal force depending on the scale of analysis.
A centripetal force unites people within the neighborhood through shared identity. A centrifugal force can create divisions or tension between that neighborhood and surrounding communities. The effect depends on the scale being examined.
What term describes a language that is at risk of disappearing? What is one possible long-term consequence for the culture of this community?
An endangered language. If the language disappears, the community could lose important cultural traditions, history, stories, and identity that are passed down through language.
Sikhism developed in the Punjab region and includes ideas that can also be found in Hinduism and Islam. What cultural process does this demonstrate?
Syncretism
What term describes the exchange and blending of cultural traits between two or more cultures?
Transculturation