Ecological Systems Theory
This systme recognizes the importance of time and historical context in human development.
What is the Chronosystem?
Known for his theory of cognitive development in children.
The 6th stage in Erikson's model; young adults must form close, satisfying relationships or suffer loneliness
What is Intimacy v Isolation?
In classical conditioning, a stimulus that unconditionally—naturally and automatically—triggers a response.
The taking away a pleasant stimulus to decrease or stop a behavior.
What is negative punishment?
Refers to the connections and interactions of the microsystems ( family, school, family and peers).
What is the Mesosystem?
In Piaget's theory, the stage (from birth to about 2 years of age) during which infants know the world mostly in terms of their sensory impressions and motor activities.
What is the Sensorimotor Stage?
3rd stage in Erikson's model; preschoolers must learn to start and direct creative tasks, or they may feel guilty about asserting themselves.
What is Initiative v Guilt?
in classical conditioning, the learned response to a previously neutral (but now conditioned) stimulus (CS)
What is conditioned response?
A reinforcement schedule that reinforces a response only after a specified number of responses
What is Fixed Ratio Schedule of reinforcement?
This system includes the people and objects in an individual's immediate environment such as family and peers.
What is the Microsystem?
In Piaget's theory, the stage that occurs roughly from ages 2 to 7. It is marked by a rapid increase in language, symbolic thought, and imaginative play, though children lack concrete logic, often showing egocentrism, and a inability to grasp conservation.
5th stage in Erikson's model; adolescents must develop a sense of identity or suffer lack of direction.
What is Identity v Role Confusion?
In classical conditioning, the unlearned, naturally occurring response to the unconditioned stimulus (US), such as salivation when food is in the mouth.
What is an unconditional response?
The reinforcement of a response by the removal, escape from, or avoidance of an unpleasant stimulus.
What is negative reinforcement?
This system consists of social settings that a person may not experience firsthand but that still influence development.
What is the Exosystem?
In Piaget's theory, the stage of cognitive development (normally beginning about age 12) during which people begin to think logically about abstract concepts.
What is the Formal Operational Stage?
Erikson's stage between 6 and 11 years, when the child learns to be productive
What is Industry v Inferiority?
In classical conditioning, an originally irrelevant stimulus that, after association with an unconditioned stimulus, comes to trigger a conditioned response
What is a conditioned stimulus?
The adding an undesirable stimulus to stop or decrease a behavior.
What is negative reinforcement?
This system consists of cultural values, laws, customs, and resources that shapes a person's life.
What is the Macrosystem?
In Piaget's theory, the stage of cognitive development ( 7-11 years) during which children gain the mental operations that enable them to think logically about concrete events.
What is the Concrete Operational Stage?
7th stage in Erikson's model; in middle age, adults must discover a sense of contributing to the world or they may feel a lack of purpose.
What is Generative v Stagnation?
The process of developing a learned response
What is acquisition?
The ability to distinguish between different situations where reinforcement is provided.
What is Reinforcement Discrimination?