Structure of DNA
What is the sugar found in DNA?
Deoxyribose
What is the sugar found in RNA?
Ribose
What is the process of copying DNA called?
Replication
What is an anticodon?
3 bases of tRNA that are complementary to the mRNA codon
What is a mutagen?
Any agent that causes mutation
What makes up the rungs of the DNA ladder?
Nitrogen bases (ATGC)
What DNA base is NOT found in RNA?
Thymine
When during the cell cycle does DNA replication occur?
S-phase of interphase
What organelle assembles proteins?
Ribosome
What is a point mutation?
A mutation that involves change in a single nucleotide
What 2 things make up the backbone of the DNA ladder?
Phosphate and Sugar
What is a 3 base sequence of mRNA that codes for an amino acid called?
Codon
Why is DNA replication considered "semi-conservative"?
It uses one of the old strands as a template for the new strand; half old half new
What is the start codon?
AUG - Methionine
What is a "silent" mutation?
A point mutation that does not cause a change in the amino acid being coded for
What type of bond holds the 2 strands of DNA together?
Hydrogen Bonds
What is the function of mRNA?
To carry the "message" of DNA out of the nucleus to a ribosome
Which enzyme unzips the double helix?
Helicase
What is transcription and where does it occur?
Copying DNA into mRNA - Nucleus
What type of chromosomal mutation involves the breaking off of a segment and attaching to another chromosome?
Translocation
If a sample of DNA contains 12% cytosine, what percentage of thymine does it contain?
38%
What is the function of tRNA?
Which enzyme has the main function of building the new nucleotides on the DNA strand?
DNA Polymerase
What is translation and where does it occur?
mRNA to protein - cytoplasm (ribosome)
Which two point mutations cause a frameshift?
Insertion and Deletion