Protein Synthesis
Enzymes
Genetics
Common Ancestry
Random
100
Human genetic material is represented in the diagram below.
The region labeled A is made up of a section of
(1) a protein that becomes an enzyme
(2) DNA that may direct protein synthesis
(3) a carbohydrate made from amino acids
(4) glucose that may be copied to make DNA
(2) DNA that may direct protein synthesis
100
The basic building blocks of a protein/enzyme are
(1) glucose molecules
(2) amino acids
(3) hormones
(4) fats
(2) amino acids
100
Which organic compounds would be the best to
analyze in order to determine if two species are
closely related?
(1) fats
(2) sugars
(3) starches
(4) proteins
(4) proteins
100
The structure labeled X most likely represents
(A) an antibody
(B) an enzyme
(C) a receptor molecule
(D) a hormone
(B) an enzyme
200
A cell is represented in the diagram below.
The coded information that the cell uses to synthesize many different proteins is stored in structure
(1) A
(2) C
(3) B
(4) D
(3) B = NUCLEUS
200
The shape of a protein molecule directly determines its
(1) movements through the cytoplasm
(2) functions inside and outside of cells
(3) roles in building water molecules
(4) circulation throughout the body
(2) functions inside and outside of cells
200
Scientific studies show that identical twins who were separated at birth and raised in different homes may vary in height, weight, and intelligence.
The most probable explanation for these differences is that
A. original genes of each twin increased in number as they developed
B. one twin received genes only from the mother while the other twin received genes only from the father
C. environments in which they were raised were different enough to affect the expression of their genes
D. environments in which they were raised were different enough to change the genetic makeup of both individuals
C. environments in which they were raised were different enough to affect the expression of their genes
200
The diagram below represents a variety of fossil
types, which can be found in many rocks.
These fossils can be best used to provide information that could be used in a study of
(1) evolutionary relationships
(2) dynamic equilibrium
(3) selective breeding
(4) cell specialization
(1) evolutionary relationships
200
The diagram below represents a section of a molecule that carries genetic information.
The pattern of numbers represents
(A) a sequence of paired bases
(B) the order of proteins in a gene
(C) folds of an amino acid
(D) positions of gene mutations
(A) a sequence of paired bases
300
A cell begins to produce a new type of protein.
This is most likely due to an alteration of the
(1) structure of the cell membrane
(2) sequence of bases in a section of a chromosome
(3) chemical makeup of the cytoplasm
(4) shape of the antibodies produced by the nucleus
(2) sequence of bases in a section of a chromosome
300
Even though human proteins are synthesized from only 20 different amino acids, there are thousands of different proteins found in human cells. Many of these proteins function as enzymes in our bodies. This great variety of proteins and enzymes is possible because the
(1) size of a specific amino acid can vary within a protein
(2) chemical composition of a specific amino acid can vary
(3) sequence and number of amino acids can be different in each protein
(4) same amino acid can have many different properties
(3) sequence and number of amino acids can be different in each protein
300
Brothers and sisters often have similar facial characteristics, such as nose shape or eye color,
because they
(1) are raised in similar environments
(2) eat similar types of foods
(3) have similar types of proteins
(4) use similar types of facial care products
(3) have similar types of proteins
300
A shark and a dolphin have similarly shaped bodies and fins. However, these two organisms are not closely related: The shark is a fish, and the dolphin is a mammal. Some species may have similar body structures even if they are not related because they evolved in
(1) similar environments and specific traits increased their chances of survival
(2) similar environments and were exposed to factors that caused exactly the same mutations
(3) different environments, but tried to adapt in the same ways so they could survive
(4) different environments, but ate similar foods that affected their growth and development
(1) similar environments and specific traits increased their chances of survival
300
Which statement best describes the relationship between cells, DNA, and proteins?
(A) Cells contain DNA that controls the production of proteins.
(B) DNA is composed of proteins that carry coded information for how cells function.
(C) Proteins are used to produce cells that link amino acids together into DNA.
(D) Cells are linked together by proteins to make different kinds of DNA molecules.
(A) Cells contain DNA that controls the production of proteins.
400
The diagram below represents a portion of a molecule found in cells of the human body.
Sequences represented by the letters in this molecule enable human cells to
(1) alter the method of absorption of material
(3) synthesize enzymes from organic molecules
(2) carry out asexual reproduction by meiosis
(4) modify genetic recombination during mitosis
(3) synthesize enzymes from organic molecules
400
The diagrams below represent two molecules that are involved in metabolic activities in some living cells.
The shape of each of the molecules is important because
(A) molecules having different shapes are always found in different organisms
(B) the shape of a molecule determines how it functions in chemical reactions
(C) the shape of a molecule determines the age of an organism
(D) if the shape of any molecule in an organism changes, the DNA in that organism will also change
(B) the shape of a molecule determines how it functions in chemical reactions
400
The diagram below represents the locations of two mutations in a strand of a DNA molecule.
If this DNA is located in the nucleus of a skin cell, the cell will
(1) pass the mutations on to only half the cells that develop from it
(2) delete all of the DNA in the nucleus and synthesize new DNA
(3) correct the mutations after several generations
(4) pass the mutations on to the cells that develop from it
(4) pass the mutations on to the cells that develop from it
400
The diagram shows the evolutionary history of several plant species.
Identify one type of molecular evidence that could have been used to determine the evolutionary relationships illustrated in the diagram.
- amino acid sequences
- DNA/gene sequence
- the results of a gel electrophoresis test
- gene sequences
- the results of a paper chromatography test
400
Which diagram best represents the relative locations of the structures in the list below?
A-chromosome
B-nucleus
C-cell
D-gene
(2)
500
The work of a cell is carried out by the many different types of molecules it assembles. Most of these molecules are proteins. Explain how the cell is able to make the many different proteins it needs. In your answer, be sure to:
• identify the cellular structure that assembles these proteins
• identify the kinds of molecules that are used as the building blocks of the proteins
• identify the cellular structure that assembles these proteins = RIBOSOME
• identify the kinds of molecules that are used as the building blocks of the proteins = AMINO ACIDS
500
The diagram provides information about some of the digestive enzymes produced by the human pancreas.
The activity of nuclease enzymes would most likely result in the release of
(A) four different kinds of molecular bases
(B) glucose
(C) hormones
(D) a variety of different amino acids
(A) four different kinds of molecular bases
500
A sequence of mRNA bases that can produce a certain protein was found to be: UUU GGG CCC AUA
Which sequence of DNA would produce this sequence of mRNA bases?
(A) UUU GGG CCC AUA
(B) AAA CCC GGG TUT
(C) AAA CCC GGG TAT
(D) TTT AAA TTT TAT
(C) AAA CCC GGG TAT
500
The elephant shrew spends its days searching the leaf litter on the forest floor for insect prey. When first discovered, due to structural similarities, the elephant shrew was classified with other shrews and their relatives. However, scientists recently reclassified the elephant shrew, as shown in the evolutionary tree below:
The new, more accepted classification of the elephant shrew is most probably based on an analysis of
(A) the coloration of the elephant shrew’s fur
(B) the feeding habits of the elephant shrew compared to other shrews
(C) a number of newly found shrew fossils
(D) the DNA present in the cells of the elephant shrews
(D) the DNA present in the cells of the elephant shrews
500
Four different segments of a DNA molecule are represented below.
There is an error in the DNA molecule in
(A) segment 1, only
(B) segments 2 and 3
(C) segment 3, only
(D) segments 2 and 4
(C) segment 3, only