Definitions
1. Define cultural diffusion and provide an example
the spread of ideas and culture from one place to another
EX: religion, music, food
9. Define Janissary. How were Janissaries selected for this role?
Christian boys who were enslaved from the Balkans to serve as Ottoman soldiers in exchange for a “blood tax”
11. What was the majority religion of the Ottoman Empire?
Islam
15.Define spheres of influence
a foreign region in which a nation has control over trade and other economic activities
12. What other religious groups were a part of the Ottoman Empire? What does that show us about how they ruled?
Christians + Jews
It show that the Ottoman Empire was religiously diverse/tolerant
16. What did different spheres of influence hope to obtain in China? Through what means? How?
Exclusive trading rights; control over specific areas of China to trade with
3. Define dynasty. List 3 Chinese dynasties
4. Describe the “dynastic cycle”. How does the dynastic cycle influence China’s government?
3. Define dynasty. List 3 Chinese dynasties
a form of government ruled by one political family
power is inherited from father to son and passed down within a family
EX: Shang, Zhou, Han, Tang, Sung, Ming etc.
4. Describe the “dynastic cycle”. How does the dynastic cycle influence China’s government?
Dynasty gains power via civil war --> increased corruption --> loss of power --> civil war -->new dynasty
10.What turning point in Global history led to the creation of the Ottoman Empire? Why?
The decline of the Byzantine Empire
Transformation of Constantinople from a Christian to an Islamic center
17. What were the Opium Wars?What countries fought? When?
a conflict b/w England (Britain) + China, lasting from 1839 - 1842, over Britain’s illegal sale of opium to China
2. Define autocrat, autocratic and autocracy and provide an example
A ruler with absolute power (autocrat)
Form of government ruled by an autocrat (autocracy)
14. How did the geographic location of Constantinople make it a historically significant place? What modern day country was it located in? What was the city renamed to?
Connected Europe and Asia
Located between the Mediterranean Sea and the Black Sea
18. List 2 causes + 2 effects of the Opium Wars
CAUSES: British wanted to buy Chinese tea; China didn't want to buy British goods (cotton grown in India)
EFFECTS: Chinese lose war, sign treaty of Nanjing and are forced to open ports to trade with England
The British ran a three-country trade system: British goods to India, Indian cotton and British silver to China, and Chinese tea and other goods to Britain.
The British felt this system was ‘unbalanced’ and sought to shift the balance in their favour by selling a new product to China instead of cotton: opium
13.What is a political philosophy? What political philosophy guided the Ming dynasty? How did this philosophy influence China’s government?
Political Philosophy = a theory of government
Confucianism -- encouraged respect for elders, based on respect in the five relationships --> maintain social and political order
20. What caused the Ottoman Empire to collapse? List 2 causes
World War I
Rise of Nationalism (identification with one's own nation and support for its interests)
19. List 3 terms of the Treaty of Nanjing, which ended the Opium Wars.
Deep water port at Hong Kong
Huge indemnity of 20 million silver dollars: 12 million for Britain’s war costs, 3 million to compensate English merchants for their debts, and 5 million as compensation for opium that Lin Zesu destroyed
Five new Chinese treaty ports (Guangzhou, Shanghai, Xiamen/Amoy, Ningbo, and Fuzhou) where British merchants and their families could reside
Extraterritoriality for British citizens residing in these treaty ports, meaning that they were subject to British, not Chinese, laws