DNA structure
The backbone of DNA is made of ___________ and ________________.
What are sugars and phosphate groups?
Section of replicating DNA right where it's splitting; there are two of these at each ori.
What is a replication fork?
What is uracil (U)?
Location where translation takes place.
What is a ribosome?
Mutation that affects just one nucleotide during replication
The 3' end of DNA is paired with the 5' end, and each one has a 3' end and a 5' end. This structure is called ___________.
What is antiparallel?
Direction in which DNA polymerase adds new bases.
What is 5' to 3'?
Enzyme which transcribes mRNA from DNA template strand.
What is RNA polymerase?
What is mRNA?
Mutation where the entire genetic sequence is shifted over and every following amino acid is affected
What is a frameshift mutation?
Name for the idea that the number of A bases will always equal the number of Ts, and the number of Gs will always equal the number of Cs.
What is Chargaff's rule?
The strand that is synthesized continuously.
What is the leading strand?
Region of DNA where polymerase binds so that transcription initiation can begin.
What is a promoter sequence?
Site on the large subunit of a ribosome where the existing polypeptide chain is added to the new amino acid.
What is the P site?
Type of mutation where a base pair is substituted causing one amino acid in the translated sequence to be altered
What is a missense mutation?
Sequence of hundreds of repetitions of TTAGGG at the end of a chromosome, which doesn't code for anything and gets gradually shorter over time.
What is a telomere?
The pieces that will be joined together by DNA ligase in the lagging strand.
What are Okazaki fragments?
RNA sequence that would be transcribed from GTCAAGCGCATT.
What is CAGUUCGCGUAA?
Amino acid sequence that would come from AUGCCCAGGUGA (look at the amino acid codon chart)
What is Met - Pro - Arg - Stop?
Type of mutation where a part of a chromosome is flipped around.
What is a chromosomal inversion?
Single ring structures which always pair with double ring base pairs; includes C and T
What is a pyrimidine?
Enzyme which "unzips" or unwinds DNA for replication.
What is DNA helicase?
Noncoding sections of pre-mRNA that are spliced out before translation, which spliceosomes recognize by the consensus sequences.
What are introns?
Clover-shaped molecule which is bound to an amino acid ("charged") and binds it to a growing polypeptide chain, using an anticodon to match it to the correct location.
What is tRNA?
Type of mutation where pieces of two chromosomes swap places.
What is a chromosomal translocation?