Cell Structure
The cell is made up of this.
What is the phospholipid bi-layer?
This term describes the membrane’s ability to allow some substances to pass while blocking others.
What is selectively permeable?
This is defined as the ability to do work.
What is energy?
These biological molecules act as catalysts and speed up chemical reactions without being used up.
What are enzymes?
This molecule is the immediate energy source used by cells for ALL activities.
What is ATP?
Cell has ____ heads and _____ tails.
What is hyrophillic and hydrophobic?
This type of transport moves molecules from high to low concentration without using energy.
What is passive transport?
Biological systems fall into this type of system because they exchange both energy and matter with their surroundings.
What is an open system?
This is the MOST important thing enzymes do to increase the rate of a reaction.
What is lowering activation energy?
This stage of cellular respiration occurs in the cytoplasm and produces only 2 ATP.
What is glycolysis?
This molecule is embedded in the membrane and helps maintain fluidity and flexibility.
What is cholesterol?
This process moves water across a membrane from low solute concentration to high solute concentration.
What is osmosis?
This law of thermodynamics states that energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transformed.
What is the First Law of Thermodynamics?
This specific region of an enzyme is where the substrate binds to form the enzyme-substrate complex.
What is the active site?
This process occurs when oxygen is NOT available and includes glycolysis followed by fermentation.
What is anaerobic respiration?
These proteins span the entire membrane and are often involved in transport of substances like channels and carriers.
What are integral proteins?
This type of transport requires proteins and moves large polar molecules down their concentration gradient.
What is facilitated diffusion?
This term describes the amount of disorder or chaos in a system, which always increases during energy transformations.
What is entropy?
This model explains how enzymes slightly change shape to better fit the substrate during a reaction.
What is the induced fit model?
During the electron transport chain, this molecule acts as the final electron acceptor and forms water.
What is oxygen (O₂)?
These proteins are located on only one side of the membrane and are involved in cell recognition and communication (example: blood type markers).
What are peripheral proteins?
This transport system uses ATP to move 3 sodium ions out of the cell and 2 potassium ions into the cell.
What is the sodium-potassium (Na⁺/K⁺) pump?
These reactions require an input of energy and are associated with a positive ΔG on an energy diagram
What are endergonic reactions?
This type of inhibition occurs when a molecule binds to a different site (not the active site) and changes the enzyme’s shape.
What is noncompetitive (allosteric) inhibition?
This molecule must be recycled during fermentation so glycolysis can continue in the absence of oxygen.
What is NAD⁺?