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Minerals
The Rock Cycle
Three Classes of Rock
Fill in the Blank
Critical Thinking
100

Name the 2 major groups minerals are classified into. 

Silicate and Nonsilicates

100

 How is erosion different from weathering?

  • A) Erosion breaks down rock; weathering moves it
  • B) Weathering breaks down rock; erosion moves it
  • C) They are the same process
  • D) Erosion only happens in mountains
  • B) Weathering breaks down rock; erosion moves it
100

Which two properties are MOST commonly used to classify rocks?

  • A) Color and texture
  • B) Size and weight
  • C) Mineral composition and texture
  • D) Hardness and luster
  • C) Mineral composition and texture
100

Matter comprises everything that has _________. 

mass

100

Explain where extrusive igneous rock forms. 

Extrusive igneous rock forms from when lava cools and solidifies at Earth's surface.

200

What are the 3 ways minerals can form?

magma and lava

temperature and pressure (metamorphism)

solutions

200

Which rock type would form from the compaction of sand grains cemented together?

  • A) Granite (igneous)
  • B) Sandstone (sedimentary)
  • C) Slate (metamorphic)
  • D) Basalt (igneous)
  • B) Sandstone (sedimentary)
200

Which of the following are the three major classes of rock?

  • A) Hard, soft, and medium
  • B) Igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic
  • C) Mineral, crystal, and stone
  • D) Intrusive, extrusive, and volcanic
  • B) Igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic
200

The ways in which a mineral breaks are described as ___________ and ____________.

cleavage and fracture

200

Describe the components of rock. 

Rock is a naturally occurring, solid combination of minerals or organic matter. 

300

Name at least 2 characteristics of minerals. 

naturally occuring

inorganic solid

crystalline structure/arrrangement 

300

A piece of granite (igneous rock) is exposed at Earth's surface. What is the NEXT step in the rock cycle?

  • A) It becomes metamorphic rock
  • B)It becomes limestone
  • C) It melts into magma
  • D) It undergoes weathering and erosion
  • D) It undergoes weathering and erosion
300

If magma cools SLOWLY underground, what type of crystal structure will form?

  • A) Very small crystals (fine-grained)
  • B) Large crystals (coarse-grained)
  • C) No crystals at all
  • D) Mixed sizes of crystals
  • B) Large crystals (coarse-grained)
300

When plates move apart, cracks appear in Earth's surface, forming ______ __________. 

rift zones

300

Discuss how rock changes as it goes through the rock cycle. 

rocks change from one type to another, melt, and form again by geologic processes

400

Which process forms large mineral crystals?

  • A) Rapid cooling of lava on Earth's surface
  • B) Slow cooling of magma underground
  • C) Quick evaporation of water
  • D) Sudden pressure changes
  • B) Slow cooling of magma underground
400

Which of the following could cause uplift?

  • A) Heavy rain and erosion
  • B) Plate collision pushing land upward
  • C) Weathering of rocks
  • D) Deposition of sediment
  • B) Plate collision pushing land upward
400

13. Why do intrusive igneous rocks have larger crystals than extrusive igneous rocks?

  • A) They are older
  • B)  They contain more minerals
  • C)They cool more slowly underground, allowing time for large crystals to form
  • D) They are exposed to more pressure
  • C)They cool more slowly underground, allowing time for large crystals to form
400

___________ is the raising up of Earth's crust due to pressure or stress relief. 

uplift

400

Describe metamorphic rock formation. 

Metamorphic rock forms when chemical processes or temperature and pressure change rock.

500

.Which physical property describes how a mineral breaks along flat planes?

  • A) Luster
  • B) Hardness
  • C) Cleavage
  • D) Density
  • C) Cleavage
500

Over millions of years, a piece of sandstone (sedimentary rock) goes through several changes. Which of the following sequences is possible?

  • A) Sandstone → Metamorphic rock → Magma → Igneous rock
  • B) Sandstone → Weathered particles → New sedimentary rock
  • C) Sandstone → Granite → Limestone
  • D) Both A and B are possible
  • D) Both A and B are possible
500

16. What is the difference between compaction and cementation?

  • A) Compaction presses sediment together; cementation binds it with mineral cement
  • B) They are the same process
  • C) Cementation happens first, then compaction
  • D) Compaction only happens in water
  • A) Compaction presses sediment together; cementation binds it with mineral cement
500

____________ sedimentary rock forms when minerals precipitate out of a solution. 

chemical

500

Identify the 6 main classes of nonsilicate minerals. 

carbonates, halides, sulfides, native elements, oxides, sulfates