Navigation & Exploration
This tool helped sailors determine direction
What is a compass?
This exchange moved plants, animals, diseases, people, and ideas between the Americas and the Eastern Hemisphere.
What is the Columbian Exchange?
This European country sponsored Christopher Columbus's first Atlantic voyage in 1492.
What is Spain?
This economic system aimed to strengthen a country's wealth and power through controlled trade and colonies.
What is mercantilism?
This happened to many Indigenous communities after contact with Europeans because of diseases such as smallpox.
What is a major population decline?
This instrument helped sailors estimate their latitude by observing the Sun or stars.
What is an astrolabe?
Name one crop that moved from the Americas to the Eastern Hemisphere.
What is a potato, maize (corn), tomato, cacao, or peanut?
This country established a major colony in Brazil.
What is Portugal?
A colony might send these unprocessed resources, such as timber or cotton, to the imperial country.
What are raw materials?
What is the Transatlantic Slave trade?
This type of ship, used by the Portuguese explorers, was designed for ocean travel.
What is a caravel?
Name one animal introduced to the Americas from the Eastern Hemisphere.
What is a horse, cow, pig, or sheep?
This European country established Jamestown in 1607.
What is England?
These are goods made from raw materials, such as tools, cloth, or finished products.
What are manufactured goods?
This term describes the loss of Indigenous land and control as European powers expanded their colonies.
This triangular sail helped ships sail more effectively with changing wind directions.
What is a lateen sail?
These illnesses, including smallpox and measles, caused devastating population losses among Indigenous communities.
What are infectious diseases?
This empire established Quebec in 1608 and developed a major fur-trading network in North America.
What is France?
Under mercantilism, colonies often had to trade through this controlling power.
What is the imperial country?
Name one environmental consequence of colonization.
What are deforestation, ecosystem changes, or the spread of introduced plants and animals?
Name two reasons Europeans searched for new sea routes to Asia.
What are access to valuable goods, greater profits, and competition for trade routes?
Explain why the Columbian Exchange did not affect all groups equally.
What is Indigenous groups in the Americas suffered catastrophic disease-related losses, displacement, and exploitation, while other regions gained new crops and trade opportunities?
This trading-focused European power established the Dutch East India Company in 1602.
What is the Netherlands (the Dutch)?
Describe one way European countries profited from their colonies.
Give one potential benefit and one major harm of European exploration and colonization.
What is Benefit: New crops, expanded trade, or greater geographic knowledge. Harm: Disease, conquest, forced labor, slavery, or cultural disruption?