New Thinking
This “rebirth” of European art and learning began in Italy around 1400–1600 CE
The Renaissance
The three “G’s” that motivated European exploration
God, Gold, and Glory
Name one of the two Chinese Dynasties during this era
Ming and Qing Dynasties
This economic problem of rising prices weakened Spain after silver from the Americas poured into its economy
Inflation
This “Renaissance Man” was a painter, inventor, and scientist
Leonardo da Vinci
This invention by Johannes Gutenberg in 1439 helped spread ideas quickly and cheaply
The Printing Press
This second leg of the Triangular Trade brought enslaved Africans to the Americas under horrific conditions
The Middle Passage
This Russian tsar modernized the state through Westernization and built St. Petersburg
Peter the Great
New Amsterdam, later renamed New York, was originally founded by this European power
The Netherlands (The Dutch)
The Russian Empire became wealthy by collecting loads of this "soft gold" in Siberia
Furs
In 1517, this German monk posted his 95 Theses and sparked the Protestant Reformation
Martin Luther
Smallpox and measles killed between 50–95% of Native Americans in an event known as this
The Great Dying
This Mughal emperor abolished the jizya tax and created the syncretic religion Din-i Ilahi, making him one of the most religiously tolerant rulers ever
Akbar the Great
This French "sun king" built an absolute monarchy and the Palace of Versailles
Louis XIV
In Tokugawa Japan, this isolationist policy allowed only the Dutch to trade at Dejima
Sakoku
This new method of learning during the Scientific Revolution used observation, experimentation, and reason to draw conclusions
The Scientific Method
This Portuguese explorer was the first European to reach the Indian Ocean by sea
Vasco da Gama
The Ottoman Empire used this system of religious communities that could run their own schools and courts
The Millet System
These powerful companies, including the British and Dutch versions, dominated trade and controlled territory
charter/joint-stock companies (e.g., the East India Companies)
Sikhism’s community kitchen that serves free meals to all, regardless of background
The Langar
This new way of thinking emerged in Europe during the Early Modern Era, and focused on human potential and a celebration of the individual
Humanism
This 1494 agreement divided the world between Spain and Portugal
The Treaty of Tordesillas
This Safavid ruler moved the capital to Isfahan in 1598 and ushered in a golden age
Abbas the Great
England established these two early colonies on the east coast of North America
Jamestown and Plymouth
This massive silver mine in Bolivia was called the “mountain that eats men.”
Potosí (Cerro Rico)