Public Health
The implementation of vaccines is an example of what public health?
Old public health
What are the three Ottawa Charter strategies?
Enable
Mediate
Advocate
Tobacco is a risk factor for...(name three conditions).
Cardiovascular disease
Cancer
Low birth weight
Respiratory conditions (eg: asthma)
Medicare is...
Australia's universal health insurance scheme available to all Australians.
Five challenges in bringing about dietary change are...
Willpower
Attitudes and beliefs
Personal preference
Time constraints and convenience
Education, nutrition knowledge and cooking skills
Influence of family, culture, society and religion
Food marketing
Income/Cost
Identify three examples of government action that has been taken to improve public health
Improve and protect the quality of water
Improve sanitation and waste management
Improve immunisations of the population
Plan and implement campaigns to stop the spread of HIV and to encourage healthy eating and exercise
Implement screening for diseases such as breast cancer
Implement anti smoking campaigns
Identify the five action areas of the Ottawa Charter.
Build healthy public policy
Create supportive environments
Strengthen community action
Develop personal skills
Reorient health services
Outline three reasons why smoking has been targeted for health promotion
Risk factor to many other diseases
High mortality rate in Australia
One of the leading burdens of disease
Preventable
Costs Australia around $31.5 billion a year in health and economic costs
Four services covered by Medicare are...
Doctor consultations
X-rays
Eye tests
Blood and urine tests
Fee-free treatment in public hospitals
Name two things Nutrition Australia do to improve healthy eating
Create resources for policy makers
Consult with government departments, the food industry and consumer groups
A source of information for scientific information on key nutrition issues
The five principles of the social model of health are...
Involves intersectoral collaboration
Addresses the broader determinants/factors of health
Acts to reduce social inequities
Empowers individuals and communities
Acts to enable access to healthcare
What year was the Ottawa Charter produced?
1986
Name three vulnerable groups to smoking
People in regional cities
Indigenous Australians
Low SES
Two advantages and two disadvantages of Medicare.
Advantages: choice of Doctor for out-of-hospital treatment, available to all Australian citizens, covers tests and examinations performed by a Doctor, Medicare Safety Net provides extra financial support.
Disadvantages: no choice of Doctor for in-hospital treatment, waiting lists for many treatments, does not cover alternative therapies, often does not cover the full amount of visiting a Doctor.
Australian Dietary Guideline number 3 is...
Limit intake of foods containing saturated fat, added salt, added sugars and alcohol.
Identify two strengths and limitations of the Biomedical model of health
It creates advances in technology and research.
Many common problems can be effectively treated.
Extends life expectancy.
Improves quality of life.
It relies on professional health workers and technology and is therefore costly.
It doesn’t always promote good health.
Not every condition can be treated.
Affordability (not everyone can afford it)
What is meant by 'reorient health services'
Focus moves from diagnosing, treating, curing illness to preventing it occurring in the first place.
Health professionals are used to educate people of preventative strategies to promote health and wellbeing.
Name for policies that have been introduced to reduce smoking
Plain packaging
Banning smoking in restaurants
Banning smoking in cars with people under 18
Banning smoking in sporting areas
Banning smoking advertising
Taxing cigarettes
Two of the four NDIS disability requirements to qualify are:
Likely to be a permanent condition
Impairment substantially reduces ability to participate in activities
Impairment affects capacity for social and economic participation
Likely to require support for your lifetime
What is the recommended number of serves of vegetables for people your age?
Boys 5.5
Girls 5
Blood tests to diagnose type 2 diabetes
Development of insulin injectors or tablets
Development of personal blood glucose meters
Implementation of health promotion initiatives such as the Australian Guide to Healthy Eating and the Health Star Rating System to empower individuals to manage or prevent type 2 diabetes.
Provide three examples of Building Healthy Public Policy that are NOT related to smoking
Reducing speed limits near schools
Banning the use of sun tan beds
Seatbelt laws
No hat no play
Explain how smoking has been targeted using the Ottawa Charter action area 'Develop Personal Skills'
National Tobacco Campaigns work to develop personal skills by educating the population on the dangers and consequences of smoking.
Outline the three incentives the government has created to encourage Australians to take out private health insurance.
Rebate: 10-30% discount on insurance premiums which is income tested.
Lifetime health cover: people who take out cover after the age of 31 pay an extra 2% on their premiums every year. Encourages younger people to take out private health insurance.
Medicare Levy Surcharge: applies to high-income earners who do not have private health insurance. Extra tax of 1-1.5% depending on income. Does not have to be paid if private health insurance is taken out.
How many layers are represented in the Healthy Eating Pyramid?
4