Unit 3 - How Cells Use Energy

Misc and Definitions

100

give the 3 types of fermentation and whether they're aerobic or anaerobic

cellular respiration (aerobic)

lactic acid fermentation (anaerobic)

alcohol fermentation (anaerobic)

200

Metabolism definition

the sum of all chemical reactions in a cell

300

Enzyme definition

proteins that are biological catalysts, speed up chemical reactions by lowering the activation energy (E_A)

400

chloroplast and mitochondria function

Creates energy for the cell using either photosynthesis (chloroplast) or cellular respiration (mitochondria)

500

give the chemical formula for photosynthesis

6H₂O + 6CO₂ ➡️ C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂

Energy

100

at least 4 different types of energy

chemical, radiant (heat, light, electromagnetic), mechanical, electrical, kinetic, potential (any kind), etc.

200

difference between exergonic and endergonic

exergonic - a reaction that releases energy

endergonic - a reaction that absorbs energy

300

difference between anabolic and catabolic reactions

anabolic - creates things, needs energy

catabolic - breaks things, makes energy

400

the first 2 laws of thermodynamics

1. energy cannot be created or destroyed, but can change forms.

2. some usable energy always dissipates during transformations, and is lost (usually as heat energy) (the "no perpetual motion" rule)

500

difference between oxidation and reduction, and what links the two and switches from one to the other

difference - oxidation (oxidized) is low energy, reduction (reduced) is hi energy

energy coupling links the two, and can be hi-lo or lo-hi

Enzymes

100

The place where reactions take place on an enzyme

active site

200

What is the substance that an enzyme works on called?

substrate

300

each enzyme has a specific ___ that allows it to complete a specific ___.

shape, function

400

3 ways to denature a protein

increase heat

change pH

increase amount of salt

500

3 ways to control an enzyme reaction and a description of each

lower temperature - enzymes require random collisions to find and work on a substrate. Lower temp means less movement means less collisions.

denature (change shape) - if the shape is lost, the function is lost (shape dictates function!!!)

inhibitors - change the active site of the enzyme

Enzymes 2: the dark night returns

100

shape dictates ___

function

200

what are coenzymes and give examples

organic vitamins like vitamin A, E, K, B₁₂, etc.

300

what are cofactors, give examples

inorganic minerals like zinc, iron, and calcium

400

2 types of inhibitor and what they do

competitive - goes in the active site so that the substrate doesn't fit

allosteric - attaches to the enzyme and deforms the active site through the enzyme

500

what do cofactors and coenzymes do

they make the enzyme do a better job at reacting with stuff

Mitochondria and Chloroplast

100

free 100 pts!

200 if you guessed this answer

200

ALL TEAMS - draw and label the parts of a mitochondrion (NOT how it creates energy)

DNA, matrix, cristae

300

ALL TEAMS - draw and label the parts of a chloroplast (NOT how it creates energy)

DNA, stroma, thylakoids in the grana

400

ALL TEAMS - draw the chloroplast and how it creates ATP in the thylakoid. Double points for the Calvin cycle.

check using notebooks

500

ALL TEAMS - draw the Kreb's/Citric Acid cycle, double/triple points for all the other parts of how the mitochondria produces ATP.

check using notebooks