Causes of the Industrial Revolution
In what country did the industrial revolution start?
Britain
Which invention by James Watt improved and powered factories?
Steam Engine
What term describes people moving from rural areas to cities?
Urbanization
This group often worked long hours in dangerous factories and mines during the Industrial Revolution because they were the cheapest laborers available.
Children
Economic "-ism" based on supply and demand, with little government involvement, and is most closely associated with Adam Smith.
Capitalism
What natural resource became essential for powering early machines during the Industrial Revolution?
Coal
What are the two new technological transportation advancements that enabled goods to be shipped faster and cheaper?
The Steam Train and Steamboat
This set of farming innovations increased food production while reducing the need for farm labor, pushing many people to move from rural areas to growing cities.
Agricultural Revolution
What movement wanted better pay and conditions for workers?
Labor Unions
Karl Marx argued for this economic system, where the government controls major industries and makes production decisions.
Command Economy
Which geographic advantage helped Britain industrialize first? its rivers, colonies, or mountains?
Rivers for power and transport
This invention by Jethro Tull helped planting and farming become more efficient
Seed Drill
What social and economic class grew rapidly due to factory jobs and office work?
The Middle Class
Women typically worked in this industry during the industrial revolution.
Textile mills
In this type of economy, individuals and businesses are free to make most economic decisions, including what to produce and how much to charge.
market economy
What early form of global trade was Britain able to rely on to sell their finished goods? Bonus points if you can name one place.
Colonies
During the Industrial Revolution, this system replaced cottage industries by centralizing production in mills and factories.
Factory System
What major public health problem affected rapidly growing industrial cities and caused the spread of diseases?
Overcrowding and Poor Sanitation
Identify 2 common problems for factory and mine workers due to
long hours, unsafe machinery, and poor ventilation
This French term refers to the belief of capitalists that the government should keep its hands off
Lassiez-Faire
What agricultural change increased food production and freed workers for factory labor?
The Agricultural Revolution
In addition to the steam engine, name 2 innovations that made factories more productive by replacing human labor with machines during the Industrial Revolution.
spinning jenny, power loom, spinning frame and fly shuttle
Cities began to build sewage and waste disposal systems to stop the spread of what?
Disease
This 1832 British investigation used worker testimony to expose harsh factory conditions and child labor, helping lead to labor reform
the Sadler Report
Government regulation, social welfare programs, and private ownership all exist together in this economic system.
Mixed economy