Food Webs/Chains
What do the arrows demonstrate in a food web or chain?
The flow of energy from one organism to the next
What is the main function of the human circulatory system?
to transport oxygen, nutrients, and waste throughout the body.
What organ is primarily responsible for taking in oxygen and releasing carbon dioxide
Lungs
What is the main function of the digestive system?
to break down food into nutrients the body can use
What part of the digestive system is responsible for physically breaking down food by chewing?
The mouth
Which class of organism in a food pyramid should have the highest biomass?
Producers
In plants, which tissue is responsible for transporting water from the roots to the leaves?
xylem
What gas do humans breathe out as a waste product of respiration?
CO2
Where does most nutrient absorption occur in the human digestive system?
Small intestine
In a food chain, what is the term for organisms that produce their own food using sunlight?
Producers
In a food chain consisting of grass → grasshopper → frog → snake, what trophic level is the frog?
secondary consumer
What blood vessels carry blood away from the heart?
arteries
What tiny air sacs in the lungs are the site of gas exchange with the bloodstream?
alveoli
In what order does food travel through the major parts of the digestive system, starting from the mouth
mouth → esophagus → stomach → small intestine → large intestine
In a food chain, what term is used for organisms that eat primary producers (like plants) and are themselves eaten by secondary consumers?
primary consumers
In a marine food web, phytoplankton are consumed by zooplankton, which are then eaten by small fish. If a toxin accumulates in the phytoplankton, what is the term for the increasing concentration of the toxin as it moves up the food chain?
biomagnification
Which plant tissue functions similarly to blood vessels in humans by moving nutrients like sugars through the plant?
Phloem
What muscle contracts and flattens to help draw air into the lungs?
diaphragm
What is the name of the tube that connects the mouth to the stomach?
esophagus
In the human circulatory system, what is the name of the large vessel that carries oxygenated blood from the left side of the heart to the rest of the body?
aorta
If a top predator is removed from a food web, what ecological phenomenon may occur, causing major shifts in the populations of other species?
trophic cascade
Both plants and humans have transport systems. What is one key difference in how their fluids move?
human blood is pumped by the heart, while water and nutrients in plants move by processes like transpiration
How does oxygen enter the blood from the lungs during gas exchange?
by diffusion across the thin walls of the alveoli into the capillaries
What is the material called after it is broken down by the stomach?
Chyme
As you move up the trophic levels in a food chain/web, what happens to the amount of available energy for organisms at higher levels?
The amount of energy decreases