Genetics Vocabulary
This is a unit of DNA that gives instructions for a trait.
What is a gene?
This type of allele is stronger and shows its trait.
What is dominant?
One parent is BB and the other parent is bb. What genotype will all offspring have?
What is Bb?
A child has attached earlobes. Both parents have free earlobes. What does this suggest about the parents genes?
What is both parents carry the recessive allele?
You get half of your genes from this parent.
What is your mother and your father?
This word means different forms of the same gene
(like A and a).
What are alleles?
This allele only shows its trait when two are present.
What is recessive?
Two parents are heterozygous for a trait. What is the chance their child shows the recessive trait?
What is 25% or 1/4?
A person dyes their hair blue. Will this change be passed on to their children? Why or why not?
What is no because this does not change your genetics, or gene altering.
This scientist studied pea plants and genetics.
Who is Gregor Mendel?
This is the physical trait you can see, like eye color.
What is a phenotype?
If B is dominant, what genotype(s) will show the dominant trait: BB, Bb, or bb?
What are BB and Bb?
A child shows a recessive trait (bb). At least one parent shows the dominant trait. What must be true about that parent's genotype?
What is Bb heterozygous?
A child does not have a genetic disorder. Both parents do have the disorder. What does this tell you about the disorder?
What is the disorder is dominant?
Brothers and sisters can look different because they get different ________ from their parents.
What are genes?
This is the genetic makeup of an organism, usually represented with letters
like BB or Bb.
What is a genotype?
In some parts of the world, the sickle cell trait is more common in areas where malaria is common.
Why has it stayed common in these areas?
What is people with the sickle cell trait are more resistant to malaria, and are more likely to survive and pass on their genes?
What ratio describes the outcomes of the offspring of two parents who are heterozygous SsTt for two traits?
What is 9:3:3:1
A recessive trait disappears in one generation but appears in the next. What does this tell you about the parents in the middle generation?
What is they are carriers?
True or false?
Identical twins have almost the exact same set of genes?
What is true?
This is a long, coiled structure that carries genes in the nucleus.
What are chromosomes?
What is the difference between incomplete dominance and codominance?
Codominance is when both parental dominant traits are expressed fully and separately,
Incomplete dominance is when two parental traits blend into a new phenotype, like red and white becoming pink.
What are the odds that two heterozygous (Gg) parents will have five children that all display recessive (gg)?
What are 1 in 1024 odds?
People with two sickle cell genes can have serious health problems. People with only one sickle cell gene often do not.
Why does malaria help explain why the sickle cell gene is still passed down?
What is having one sickle cell gene helps prevent malaria, even though having two causes disease?
True or false
A person can inherit a trait even if it has never appeared in a previous generation?
True, some traits are recessive and skip generations. Mutations occur as well.