Vocabulary
Multiple Choice
Short Answer
Compare and Contrast
Fill in the Blank
100
What are cyclins?
They regulate the role of cell growth/division
100
Which part of the chloroplast is responsible for the light independent reactions?
a - thylakoids
b- grana
c- chlorophyll
d - stroma
d - stroma
100
What are the three parts of ATP
a five Carbon sugar/ribose
adenine nucleotide
three phosphate groups
100
What are the key difference between prokaryotes and eukaryotes when it comes to using cellular respiration?
The use of organelles for eukaryotes. They have mitochondria for this, whereas the prokaryotes have no organelles and just complete this in the cytoplasm.
100
_____________ regulators speed up or slow down the cell cycle. Growth factors are one of these.
External
200
Describe metaphase
The chromosomes line up at the center of the cell during mitosis.
200
Francine is developing a model to illustrate the role of photosynthesis and cellular respiration in the cycling of carbon among the biosphere, atmosphere, hydrosphere, and geosphere. Which statement about carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere should the model demonstrate?
a. Cellular respiration lowers carbon dioxide levels, while photosynthesis has no effect.
b. Photosynthesis lowers carbon dioxide levels, while cellular respiration has no effect.
c. Cellular respiration removes carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, while photosynthesis adds carbon dioxide to the atmosphere.
d. Cellular respiration adds carbon dioxide to the atmosphere, while photosynthesis removes carbon dioxide from the atmosphere.
D - Cellular respiration adds carbon dioxide to the atmosphere, while photosynthesis removes carbon dioxide from the atmosphere.
200
What are the differences between the G1 and the G2 phases for mitosis?
G1 focuses purely on cell growth and metabolism whilst G2 is all about getting ready for mitosis, preparing for duplication
200
Why do we need two photosystems in the electron transport chain for light dependent reactiona of photosynthesis?
We need to re-energize electrons during the light dependent reactions
Photosystem II has chlorophyll absorb the light which energizes the electrons but with water splitting and the electron transport chain after the Photosystem I reenergizes them
200
The fermentation of lactic acid occurs in the ________. Hint - it is not the cytoplasm!
muscle cells
300
What are energy carriers (Be specific on the form of energy they carry)
Molecules that are used for transporting high-energy electrons to be used for metabolic purposes.
300
In multicellular organisms, cells are specialized to complete tasks such as communication, movement, structural support, or secretion of useful compounds. Does mitosis occur differently among different types of specialized cells?
(A) Yes. Mitosis removes unnecessary chromosomes from specialized cells.
(B) Yes. Mitosis deactivates unnecessary chromosomes in specialized cells.
(C) No. Mitosis always occurs the same way and always maintains the same number of chromosomes per cell.
(D) No. Mitosis always adds one new chromosome every time the cell divides.
(E) No. Mitosis always removes several chromosomes every time the cell divides.
(C) No. Mitosis always occurs the same way and always maintains the same number of chromosomes per cell.
300
What is the function of Enzyme CoA in the Krebs cycle
To form Acetyl-CoA and to ensure the new carbon compound becomes a six carbon compound before splitting up.
300
What is the main difference between the roles ATP plays in both photosynthesis and cellular respiration?
ATP is used to form sugars in photosynthesis (through the Calvin cycle) and in cellular respiration, ATP is made for the body to use as energy.
300
_____ and ______ are the primary energy carriers in cellular respiration and are formed during ________
NADH/FADH2 - Krebs Cycle
400
Define and name an example of a multipotent cell
Multipotent means they are stem cells limited in the type of cell they can grow into
Ex. adult hair cell
400
Which describes a tissue in the human body that will most likely undergo anaerobic respiration?
a. stomach muscles as they churn food
b. skeletal muscle near the end of an intense exercise session.
c. heart muscle during normal heart function
d. skin tissue in a foot, which is far from the heart and lungs
b - skeletal muscle
400
Our class has created a miracle drug that could help fight back against cancer by using a chemical that stops DNA synthesis? Which specific phase of cellular division would be the drug be most effective, and why would the cancer cells be more effected?
Interphase - the S phase
The cancer cells synthesize DNA more often.
400
What is the difference between chromatin and chromatids
Chromatids are two identical DNA strands joined by a centromere, chromatin is the material that makes the chromosomes.
400
___ plants are only active during the night and store ____ as organic acids.
CAM and CO2
500
What is the matrix?
A compartment on the mitochondria in which cellular respiration occurs.
500
The development of insects such as the fruit fly, Drosophila, consists of two phases. The larva emerges from the egg and after a period of growth, changes into an adult. The adult insect is very different from the larva. The precursor cells for the adult structures are present in small clusters (the imaginal discs) inside the larva. During the larval stage the disc cells do not play a role. However, during metamorphosis the disc cells start to divide and develop into specific adult structures.
How does development compare between the two species? Choose two correct statements.
a. In both C. elegans and Drosophila, a cell’s final specialization can be mapped early in the animal’s development.
b. In both C. elegans and Drosophila, cells differentiate into a number of distinct cell types.
c. In both C. elegans and Drosophila, specialized cells are formed from totipotent stem cells.
d. In both C. elegans and Drosophila, specialized cells develop from flexible cells in the adult.
a+b
500
On a backpacking trip, Kenny hikes all day at a steady pace, covering 30 kilometers and burning 4000 Calories. At the school track, Janelle runs the 100-meter sprint in 13.5 seconds, burning 10 Calories. Afterward, Janelle’s leg muscles are aching and she is breathing hard, while Kenny maintains normal breathing all day, even though he burns 400 times more calories than Janelle.
What could be a possible reason because of this?
If the aerobic pathway—cellular respiration—cannot meet the energy demand, then the anaerobic pathway—lactic acid fermentation—starts up, resulting in lactic acid buildup and “oxygen debt.”
The rate of energy demand determines how the muscles will obtain energy, either from cellular respiration or from lactic acid fermentation if not enough oxygen is present.
500
What are the difference between the two six-carbon compounds in glucose and citric acid
Glucose becomes the pyruvate used in Krebs/ETC through Glycolysis
Citric acid is used in the Krebs cycle only to fuel the Electron carriers.
500
Without the ___________________, mitosis would be unable to occur due to __________ being unable to be ________ distributed.
spindle fibers
chromosomes
evenly