Random 1
What is herd immunity?
It is when the majority of the population is vaccinated to protect those who cannot be vaccinated
What is a bacteriophage?
A virus that infects bacteria
Are good bacteria or bad bacteria more common?
Good bacteria!
What are the 3 types of protists?
Animal-like (ingestive)
Plant-like (photosynthetic)
Fungus-like (absorptive)
What does it mean to be sessile?
Not able to move (non-motile)
What are spiral-shaped bacteria called?
Spirilla
What is the function of the capsid?
It protects the genetic material in the virus
What is the whip-like structure that helps bacteria move called?
The flagellum
What is the function of contractile vacuoles?
To remove excess water
What are the two phases in an alternation of generations life cycle?
The sexual phase and the asexual phase
What does it mean to be polymorphic?
To have more than one body form in your lifetime
What is the first step of the lytic cycle?
Adsorption (The virus attaches to the host)
Name 3 ways that bacteria help humans.
Gut flora, food production, medicine, decomposers, nitrogen fixation, purify water, pest control, and make oxygen.
What is the feeding structure in the Phylum Ciliophora called?
The oral groove/gullet
What type of growth curve do bacteria display?
Exponential
What are the two functions of pseudopods?
Movement and eating (engulfing organisms by phagocytosis)
Name one of the substances that white blood cells make. What is its function?
Antibodies: attach to virus antigens, causing them to clump together and be flagged for future destruction
Interferons: coat non-infected cells and prevent further infection of host cells
Interleukins: proteins that help the immune system communicate
What do some bacteria produce under extremely adverse conditions (such as a lack of nutrients)
An endospore
What are saprotrophs? Which of the 3 types of protists include saprotrophs?
Saprotrophs are organisms that eat decaying matter. These are present in absorptive protists (fungi-like).
What is a salt-loving archaea called?
A halophile
What is the stage in the lysogenic cycle called when the viral DNA is excised (cut out) of the host chromosome?
Induction
How are the lytic and lysogenic cycles different in terms of when the infected person starts having symptoms?
With the lytic cycle, symptoms start immediately. With the lysogenic cycle, symptoms take time to appear
Name a difference between archaea and bacteria
Bacterial cell walls contain peptidoglycan (a polysaccharide), but archaea do not.
Plasma membranes contain different types of lipids.
Different ribosomal proteins and RNA (archaea are more similar to eukaryotes).
Which genus of protists causes malaria?
Genus Plasmodium
What is the benefit of conjugation?
It increases genetic diversity