Cellular Respiration
The three phases of cellular respiration
What is glycolysis, the krebs' cycle and the electron transport chain!
What are the two halves of photosynthesis?
The Light Reactions and the Calvin Cycle.
What is apoptosis?
Programmed cell death!
Is milk good for humans?
It is, but only when we're younger!
What is osmosis?
The tendency of water to move through a membrane from a place of lower solute concentration to higher solute concentration.
How much ATP is produced by Cellular Respiration?
38 ATP!
Why is photosynthesis so important for global warming?
Carbon Dioxide fixation, mostly! Without plants, we'd have way more Carbon Dioxide in the atmosphere causing problems.
What is cancer?
These structures are constructed of multiple monomers!
What is diffusion?
The tendency of solutes to move from a place of higher concentration in a solvent to lower concentration.
What happens in glycolysis?
Glycolysis splits glucose up into two pyruvates, producing 4 ATP at the cost of 2 ATP and also making 4 NADH that is later used in the Electron Transport Chain.
Explain what happens in the Calvin Cycle.
Without getting into too many complicated details, CO2 is utilized along with ATP and NADPH to create glucose. These products are then passed on as food to the plants!
What are the phases of mitosis?
Interphase, prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase, cytokinesis
What is the difference between hydrolysis and dehydration synthesis?
Hydrolysis is the breaking of bonds by using water, while dehydration synthesis is essentially the reforming of those bonds.
What is the difference between active and passive transport?
What happens in the Kreb's Cycle?
The pyruvate produced by glycolysis is oxidized, creating some ATP and acetyl CoA (a 2-c molecule). This promptly binds with oxoacetic acid (a 4-c molecule) to make citric acid (a 6-c) molecule. As THIS is oxidized, it makes a total of 3 NADH and 1 FADH2 per cycle and some more ATP before an oxoacetic acid is all that remains. This is passed back to the beginning to begin it again!
Explain what happens in the Light Cycle
Water and light both feed into the cycle, starting it off in the thylakoids of the chloroplast. Photosystem 2 accepts an electron before it is passed down a chain of electron acceptors, eventually reaching photosystem 1. This chain creates a gradient that generates ATP just like a normal ETC, but the electrons actually proceed PAST photosystem 1 and reduces NADP+.
What are the parts of interphase? Name them in order!
For double points, describe each part fully!
G1, S, G2, M
Bonus:
Cell grows!
DNA + organs replicated!
Spindles form.
Mitosis occurs here along with cytokinesis!
What do nucleic acids do?
Store, transmit and help express hereditary information. They also transfer this info and help form DNA and RNA.
Is facilitated diffusion active or passive transport?
It is passive transport, believe it or not! It's like a bridge!
What happens in the electron transport chain?
The Electron Transport Chain begins with FADH and NADH creating a H+ ion gradient. As the H+ are all pumped into the other side of the cell wall, they are encouraged to move back through ATP synthase. As they do, the energy is used to bind ADP with a third phosphate to create ATP. NAD+ and FAD+ both go back into the Krebs' Cycle.
Explain how the two halves of photosynthesis work together.
Explain how cancer is involved in the errors of the cell cycle.
Answers may vary wildly here! So long as a student names how cancer occurs, why it is a problem and how it is involved in the cell cycle they may receive full points!
The five kinds of macromolecules!
Double points from bonus: Correct me.
Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids
Bonus: There's only four!
Tell us about the structure of the cellular membrane!
Hydrophilic heads with hydrophobic tails lined up side to side in a bi-layer of phospholipids that extends all around the cell. Proteins are embedded into this cell that allow facilitated or active transport into and out of the cell.