Cell Cycle/Mitosis
The overall resting and growth stage of a cell
interphase
These genes normally speed up or turn on the cell cycle. Mutations can cause them to be produced at higher levels or the wrong time leading to cancer.
Oncogene
This enzyme unzips the DNA
Helicase
This process makes a molecule of mRNA from the DNA template strand.
Transcription
This is the sequence of DNA that the RNA polymerase binds to in order to start transcription
Promoter
What is the name of the protein the DNA wraps around to package itself
Histone
This is the process of cancer cells breaking away from the main tumor and traveling to other body sites using the circulatory system.
Metastasis
DNA polymerase can only copy in one direction. The strand of DNA that is copied continuously WITHOUT any breaks is called this.
Leading Strand
This process makes a protein using the genetic sequence information carried by mRNA
Translation
These proteins binds to the DNA sequence to either help or prevent the binding of RNA polymerase. This controls whether or not a gene is transcribed.
Transcription factor
After mitosis is complete, the cytoplasm splits in a process called
Cytokinesis
About this many genes have been linked to cancer
140
Given this sequence, what is the sequence of the complementary strand that would be made by DNA polymerase during replication
GCGGTA
CGCCAT
This is the 3 letter sequence of nucleotides in mRNA that tells the ribosome which specific amino acid to use.
Codon
The study of this focuses on understanding how parts of the DNA sequence can be made inaccessible through the addition of chemicals allowing control of gene activity without changing the DNA sequence.
Epigenetics
The center of a packaged chromosome where sister chromatids are joined together and spindle fibers attach
Centromere
Mutations in genes that do this function lead to a pile-up of immature cells that have not differentiated properly.
Cell fate
In DNA, the nucleotides T and C (thymine and cytosine) are smaller in their chemical structure and are known as this type of chemical.
Pyrimidines
The "t" in tRNA stands for this because it helps bring the amino acids over to the growing protein that is being made by the ribosome
Transfer
Operon
Name the stages of mitosis in order
Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase
Mutations in genes that do this function leads to bad proofreading during DNA replication. This causes cell to accumulate many more mutations than normal, some which may be cancerous.
Genome Maintenance
Name the scientist that measured the ratios of nitrogenous bases in many different organisms leading to the clue that A-T and C-G are paired together in the DNA structure.
Edwin Chargaff
Coding strand
When E. coli is grown in the presence of lactose, the lactose will bind this type protein factor. This frees up the lac operon so RNA polymerase can transcribe the enzymes needed to digest lactose.
Repressor