Places
Cabeza de Vaca told the Spanish Viceroy that Native Americans in Texas told him about “cities of great wealth” supposedly hidden in the mountains in this direction
North
In 1542, Cabeza de Vaca published a _____ - a book about his travels in Texas
Memoir
These animals, not previously found in Texas, were introduced by the Spanish explorers
Horses
A filibusters is a person who enters a foreign country or territory to start or support this
Political Revolution / Rebellion
The goals of the Spanish missions were to establish a Spanish foothold in the territories and to convert this group of people to Catholicism and the Spanish way of life
Native Americans
This was the name given to Spanish military bases, occupied by soldiers and commanders, stocked with military equipment and horses
Presidios
Because none of the Spanish expeditions that ventured into Texas had discovered this valuable resource, the Spanish essentially lost interest in exploring Texas for several decades
Gold
This conquistador was the original leader of the expedition Cabeza de Vaca was part of– he died, likely by drowning, off the Texas coast
Panfilo de Narvaez
The Spanish exploration of Texas provided them with a strong foundation to claim the lands as part of their _____ empire
Colonial
Arriving in Galveston in 1817 with 300 men, this filibuster would end up dying just outside of the presidio La Bahia, after attempting to force the Spanish garrison there to surrender
Henry Perry
The missions usually consisted of living quarters for the missionaries, housing for Native Americans, gardens, storage buildings, and one of these
Church
Term used to describe a person born in the colony of New Spain, who was of Spanish descent
Creole
La Salle and his colonists landed here on accident, instead of along the mouth of the Mississippi River
Texas
(specifically, Matagorda Bay)
An adventurous Catholic Friar, Marcos de Niza was also known as this, when he was selected by the Spanish Viceroy to lead the expedition to “Cibola” in 1539
Fray Marcos
Native Americans were vulnerable to these, which were brought over by Europeans and decimated the Native American population
Diseases/Viruses
This Spanish creole gentleman was part of multiple filibuster expeditions to Texas during the Mexican War of Independence– as both a leader and an expedition member
Jose Gutierrez de Lara
Due to the abundance of surface water (especially rivers), this region contained the majority of Spanish missions in Texas that were NOT found along the Rio Grande River
The Coastal Plains Region
Religious communities staffed by missionary priests and religious officials, as well as colonists– and soldiers for protection
Missions
The men of the Coronado Expedition became the first Europeans to see the Grand Canyon, as well as this smaller canyon– called the “Grand Canyon of Texas”, located in the Texas panhandle
Palo Duro Canyon
This Spanish explorer died while unsuccessfully chasing rumors of gold– his men would make it to Texas with his second in command, Luis de Moscoso
Hernando de Soto
The huge territory of Texas provided a “buffer zone” between the settlements in _____ & those being established by other European powers
New Spain
This filibuster was neither a Tejano nor an American– but he landed on Galveston Island in 1816, hoping to invade Mexico and support the revolution
Francisco Xavier Mina
The first Spanish missions were built in the late 1600s, along the upper regions of this river, a major river that begins in New Mexico and runs along the Texas-Mexico border
Rio Grande
This term was used to refer to individuals who lived in New Spain but were born in Spain, on the continent of Europe
Peninsulares
With its systems of dams and irrigation canals, this was the most complex, well-developed Spanish settlement in Texas– today, it’s a major Texas city
San Antonio de Bexar
In 1541, this Spanish conquistador left Mexico and headed north in what would become one of the most famous expeditions led by a conquistador in North America
Francisco Vasquez de Coronado
The exchange of plants, animals, peoples, and disease– between the Americas and the continents of Europe and Africa is known as this
The Colombian Exchange
While this man never claimed to be a filibuster, he died after battling the Spanish, who were convinced he was not just a horse trader
Philip Nolan
Spanish missions were typically located along these natural landforms, in order for the mission to be able to sustain itself
Bodies of Water
Individuals of Spanish descent, who were born in Texas, were known as this
Tejanos