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Population Background
Human Populations
Agriculture and Soil Background
Properties of Soil
Sustainable Agriculture
100
The pattern of spacing among individuals in a population within the geographic boundaries. Includes clumped, uniform, and random types. Usually depends on resource distribution
What is Dispersion?
100
This number is the average number of children born to a woman.
What is Total Fertility Rate (TFR)?
100
This is a traditional crop varieties that were collected and domesticated. It was developed from natural processes – no artificial selection.
What is a landrace?
100
This substance that occurs on the land surface is composed of solids, liquids, and gases, and living things like bacteria, fungi, protozoa, worms, plants, etc.
What is soil?
100
This movement began in Mexico in the 1940s. It focused on producing high yield crops with the use of irrigation and fertilizer.
What is the Green Revolution?
200
This is the number of individuals that can be supported in a particular ecosystem.
What is Carrying Capacity?
200
This is the use of statistics like birth and death rates to analyze and predict human populations over time.
What is Human Demography?
200
This is a single (uniform) crop variety grow in a location usually developed via artificial selection. The intent is that all of our produce to be the same size and color, grows and matures at same rate, and responds well to fertilizers.
What is a monoculture?
200
In this process, parent rock is broken down physically and chemically into smaller fragments usually via weathering. With the addition of organic matter, it creates soil.
What is pedogenesis?
200
This method of controlling bothersome insects on crops includes cultivation techniques like waiting a number of years before planting a certain crop in a field - long enough for an larve to die and biological controls like predatory insects such as wasps who feed on caterpillars.
What is Integrated Pest Management?
300
These environmental factors increase their affect on a population as population density increases. One example would be disease.
What are density dependent factors?
300
This describes the analysis of a population in terms of pre-reproductive ages, reproductive ages, post-reproductive people.
What is the age structure?
300
This was an era in the 1930s where poor agricultural practices – the removal of the native grasses in favor of non-native crops coupled with drought that then killed all the non-native crops that couldn’t adapt left nothing to hold soil in place. Due to great windstorms, over half of the soil was lost.
What is the Dust Bowl Era?
300
A mix of these three particles make up soil.
What are clay, silt, and sand?
300
Terracing, Alley Cropping, Windbreaks, Cover Crops, and Conservation Tilling are all techniques used to reduce this.
What is soil erosion?
400
In this method of measuring populations, individuals are trapped in an area and captured, marked with a tag, recorded, and then released. After a period of time has elapsed, traps are set again, and individuals are captured and identified.
What is the Mark-Recapture Method?
400
7,283,368,285
What is the world population? (As of 11AM 11/3/15)
400
This happens when farmers use irrigation water, pesticides, and/or fertilizers which all contain dissolved salts to water their land. This salty soil holds on to water and plant roots cannot draw it up.
What is salinization?
400
This term describes the volume of air spaces between soil particles. It depends on size of particles.
What is porosity?
400
This is a plant that has had changes introduced into their DNA using the methods of genetic engineering. These genetic changes are introduced to give the food an advantage such as disease resistance, ability to withstand freezing and thawing, herbicide resistance, etc.
What is a GMO?
500
These environmental factors are unrelated to population density, and there is no feedback to slow population growth. Examples would be tornados, earthquakes, and floods.
What is a density independent factor?
500
This describes how populations change during a country's economic development. It often follows the pattern of Pre-industrial where the BR and DR are both high, Transitional where the DR falls, Industrial where the BR falls, and Post-industrial where small families preferred.
What is demographic transition?
500
These are needed because we are planting in areas where soil quality is poor or degraded. They include Organic – human and animal waste and Inorganic – NPK. They can lead to non-point source pollution.
What is fertilizer?
500
This term describes the ability of water to move through soil. It regulates the growth and type of plants that are able to live there and depends on porosity.
What is permeability?
500
This is a system of agricultural centered around simulating or directly utilizing the patterns and features observed in natural ecosystems. Species are planted to occupy different niches - canopy, shrub layer, herbaceous layer, groundcover, etc.
What is permaculture?