Prenatal/Infancy
refers to our genetics. It includes the genes we are born with and other hereditary factors that can impact how our personality is formed and the way that we develop from childhood through adulthood.
Nature
Unborn human offspring
Fetus
The changes that occur both inside and outside the body during adolescence happen through a process called __________.
Puberty
True or False: Dementia is a very normal part of aging.
False
encompasses the environmental factors that impact who we are. This includes our early childhood experiences, the way we were raised, our social relationships, and the surrounding culture.
nurture
Piaget's stage of development from ages 12 and up where children transition into adolescence. They begin to think more abstractly and have better problem solving skills. They also become less egocentric.
Formal Operational
What is conservation?
Being able to conserve means knowing that a quantity doesn't change if it's been altered (by being stretched, cut, elongated, spread out, shrunk, poured, etc).
occurs when adolescents neither explore nor commit to any identities.
Identity diffusion/confusion
Aging females enter ________ and aging males enter ________.
Menopause, andropause
Extremely strict
Parent places very high expectations on child, and if expectations are not met the child is often punished harshly
“Drill sergeant”
More focus on discipline, obedience, and maintaining authority than actually bonding with the child
Not very nurturing
Authoritarian
Piaget's stage of development from birth through age two. During this initial phase of development, children utilize skills and abilities they were born with (such as looking, sucking, grasping, and listening) to learn more about the environment.
Sensorimotor
What is the Zone of Proximal Development?
The Zone of Proximal Development is defined as the space between what a learner can do without assistance and what a learner can do with adult guidance or in collaboration with more capable peers.
What is testosterone? What is estrogen? Who produces T vs. E?
...
sudden confusion that leads to changes in thinking and behavior. It is often due to illnesses that are not related to the brain. Infection can cause an older person to become severely confused. Certain medicines can also cause or complicate this.
Delirium
Parents are nurturing and loving, yet still are strict and firm with their children to establish boundaries.
Not as strict as authoritarian, but they still “lay down the law” with children if necessary
Discipline is fair and consistent
Authoritative
Piaget's stage of development from ages 2 to 7 where children develop language, engage in symbolic play, and are very egocentric.
Preoperational
What is scaffolding?
Vygotsky's scaffolding is a theory that focuses on a student's ability to learn information through the help of a more informed individual. When scaffolding, an adult, or more knowledgeable peer, might assist a child to learn something within their zone of proximal development.
is a state in which adolescents are actively exploring options but have not yet made commitments.
Describe Erikson's 8th stage of development, Integrity vs. Despair.
During this stage, adults are looking back at their life and analyzing how successful they were at contributing to society and their sense of worth. If they feel as though their life has a purpose, they develop integrity. However, if they have many regrets in life, the individual will become depressed and develop despair.
Very loving and nurturing but little discipline
These kinds of parents often let their children do whatever they want
“Pushover” “Too nice”
They often view their children as equals, rather than as children who need guidance from a mentor/parent
Permissive
Piaget's stage of development from ages 7 to 11 where children begin to develop logical thought and deductive reasoning. They also begin to understand conservation.
Concrete Operational
What are the 3 levels of Kohlberg's Theory? Describe each
Preconventional, conventional, postconventional
occurs when an individual commits to an identity without exploring options.
Foreclosure
What are 4 physical signs of aging?
Skin changes
Wrinkles, fine line, damage from the sun starts to show
Loss of muscle and decrease in physical strength
Joint pain
Gradual loss of sight and hearing
Sleep patterns change
Appetite changes
Lower energy levels
Lower aerobic capacity and balance
Neglect the wants and needs of the child
Do not meet the basic wants/needs of the child (physical or emotional)
Low responsiveness
Not very involved in the child’s life
This kind of behavior in parents can lead to self-esteem issues/low confidence in children